quiz 1 A+P

what are the two main portions of the human body

axial and appendicular portion

Axial portion of the human body

head, neck, trunk

Appendicular portion of the human body

upper and lower limbs

What are the major body cavities of the axial portion?

Cranial, Vertebral canal, Thoracic, Abdominopelvic

cranial cavity

houses the brain

vertebral canal (spinal cavity)

contains the spinal cord

thoracic cavity

houses lungs and thoracic viscera

abdominopelvic cavity

contains both the abdominal and pelvic viscera

Diaphragm

muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Mediastinum

region between lungs in thoracic cavity

What are the 2 portions of abdominopelvic

abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

abdominal cavity

extends from diaphragm to top of pelvis

what organs does abdominal cavity contain

stomach, liver, intestines, spleen

pelvic cavity

enclosed by pelvic bones

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

end of large intestines, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs

what are the small cavities of the head?

oral, nasal, orbital, middle ear

what are the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities lined by?

double-layered serous membranes

what does the serous membrane secrete

serous fluid

What is serous fluid?

slippery fluid that prevents friction between layers

what are the 2 layers of the serous membranes

visceral and parietal

What is the visceral layer?

inner layer

what does the visceral layer cover

organs

What is the parietal layer?

the outer layer

What does the parietal layer line?

walls of cavities

What is the anatomical position?

standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out

Superior

above

Inferior

below

Anterior (ventral)

toward the front

Posterior (dorsal)

toward the back

Medial

toward the midline

Lateral

away from the midline

bilateral

paired structures; on both sides

Ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

Contralateral

on the opposite side of the body

Proximal

closer to point of attachment to trunk

Distal

away from the point of attachment to the trunk

superficial

closer to the surface of the body

deep

away from the surface of the body, more internal

sagittal section

longitudinal cut that divides body into left and right portions

midsagittal/median section

divides the body into equal right and left halves

parasagittal section

sagittal section lateral to midline; divides body into unequal left and right portions

Transverse (horizontal) section

divides the body into superior and inferior portions

coronal/frontal section

longitudinal cut that divides body into anterior and posterior portions

Cephalic

head

Frontal

forehead

Otic

ear

nasal

nose

Orbital

eye cavity

Buccal

cheek

oral

mouth

mental

chin

cervical

neck

Acromial

point of shoulder

Sternal

sternum

Pectoral

anterior chest

Axillary

armpit

Mammary

breast

Brachial

arm

Antecubital

front of elbow

Abdominal

abdomen

Umbilical

navel

Antebrachial

forearm

Carpal

wrist

palmar

palm

digital

fingers, toes

inguinal

groin

Coxal

hip

Femoral

thigh

genital

external reproductive organs

Occipital

back of head

Vertebral

spinal column

dorsal

back

cubital

elbow

lumbar

lower back

Sacral

between hips

gluteal

buttock

Perineal

region between the anus and external genitalia

patellar

front of knee

Crural

leg

tarsal

ankle

pedal

foot

popliteal

back of knee

sural

calf

Calcaneal

heel

plantar

sole

What region is in the top right?

Right Hypochondriac Region

What region is in the top middle?

Epigastric Region

What region is in the top left?

Left Hypochondriac Region

What region is in the middle right?

Right Lumbar Region

What region is in the center (middle)?

Umbilical Region

What region is in the middle left?

Left Lumbar Region

What region is in the bottom right?

Right Inguinal (Iliac) Region

What region is in the bottom middle?

Hypogastric (Pubic) Region

What region is in the bottom left?

Left Inguinal (Iliac) Region

What organs are in the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)?

Stomach, Spleen, left kidney

What organs are in the Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)?

large intestine, small intestine, appendix, right ureter

What organs are in the Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)?

The descending colon, The left half of the transverse colon, Sigmoid colon, Rectum, Left Ureter

What organs are in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

liver, gallbladder, duodenum of the intestines, pancreas, Right Kidney