ITC

Computing

Activity using computers for information management.

Babylonians

Ancient civilization with a numerical system of 1 and 10.

Counting boards

Tools for counting and simple calculations.

Abacus

Device for calculations using beads on grooves.

Egyptians

Used a base 10 numerical system with distinct symbols.

Rhind Papyrus

Ancient Egyptian writing surface for educational purposes.

Pythagorean theorem

Mathematical principle relating sides of right triangles.

Thales' theorem

States angle <ABC is right if AC is diameter.

Roman numerals

Letter-based number system used in ancient Rome.

Islamic Influence

Algebra expanded upon Greek achievements in mathematics.

Wilhelm Gottfried Leibniz

Inventor of the Step Reckoner and binary system.

Step Reckoner

First calculator for basic arithmetic operations.

Charles Babbage

Pioneer known for the Difference Engine concept.

Difference Engine

Device for computing mathematical tables accurately.

George Boole

Founder of Boolean algebra for modern computing.

Boolean algebra

Mathematical logic for digital circuit design.

Grace Hopper

Developer of COBOL, a major programming language.

COBOL

Common Business-oriented Language for business applications.

Pythagoreans

Secret society believing in numbers' essence.

Algebra

Mathematics involving symbols and rules for manipulation.

Symbolic logic

Mathematical representation of logical expressions.

Operators in Boolean algebra

Symbols (+, −, ×) for combining object classes.

Mathematical Analysis of Logic

George Boole's work establishing logic as mathematics.

Katherine Johnson

Human computer who solved complex math for NASA.

Gladys Mae West

Pioneered GPS technology through geoid calculations.

Cloud Computing

On-demand computing services delivered via the Internet.

Cloud Storage

Online backup services like Google Drive and iCloud.

Google Translate

Translates text between English and 100+ languages.

Streaming Services

Platforms like Netflix managing real-time data.

Virtualization

Simulates hardware to create multiple virtual machines.

Server Virtualization

One server supports multiple functions for efficiency.

Desktop Virtualization

Multiple desktop OS run on a single computer.

Storage Virtualization

Centralizes data access for devices and applications.

Internet of Things

Network of devices sharing data automatically online.

Radio Frequency Identification

Technology in electronic tags and smart cards.

Sensor Technology

Collects environmental data like temperature and humidity.

Embedded Systems

Integrated hardware/software for specific functions.

Big Data

Massive datasets characterized by volume, variety, velocity.

Banking Industries

Uses big data to monitor financial market activities.

Healthcare Industries

Analyzes patient data for evidence-based medicine.

Education Systems

Measures teacher effectiveness using big data analytics.

Artificial Intelligence

Machines learn and perform human-like tasks.

Digital Transformation

Shift driven by AI, cloud computing, and big data.

Geoid

Mathematical model of Earth's shape for GPS accuracy.

Radar Altimeter Satellites

Used for precise altitude measurements in navigation.

Spacecraft Trajectories

Paths calculated for spacecraft to reach destinations.

AI Applications

Includes facial recognition, chatbots, and virtual assistants.

Fog Computing

Local data analytics near end-users for real-time insights.

Edge Computing

Computing infrastructure close to data sources.

Business Organizations

Use computers for effective data organization.

Microsoft Excel

Application that reduces human error in data management.

SQL Database

Database management system for organizing data.

Banking Industries

Computers enhance transaction processes and account management.

ATMs

Automated machines for 24/7 cash transactions.

Education

Computing improves access to quality education.

Blended Learning

Innovative method combining online and in-person education.

Online Degrees

Courses offered to increase access to education.

Healthcare

Computers store patient records for easy access.

Medical Applications

Tools that assist in faster diagnoses.

Government

Computing improves public information storage and services.

Robotics

Machines perform complex tasks beyond human abilities.

Sophia the Robot

Humanoid robot known for communication and expression.

Computer

Programmable device for processing and storing data.

Digital Computers

Operate data sequentially in binary format.

Vacuum Tubes

First generation components used in early computers.

Transistors

Second generation devices controlling electric current.

Integrated Circuits

Third generation circuits on a small semiconductor chip.

Jack Kilby

Inventor of integrated circuits in 1958.

Operating System

Software that manages computer hardware and interfaces.

Microprocessors

Basic building blocks for modern microcomputers.

Integrated Circuits

Thousands of circuits on a single silicon chip.

Analog Computers

Data represented by physical quantities like voltage.

James Thomson

Pioneer in 19th-century analog computation.

Differential Analyzer

First large-scale general-purpose analog computer.

Input Unit

Converts user commands into digital language.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Processes commands and converts data to machine language.

Memory Unit

Stores data from input and output devices.

Control Unit

Manages computer functions and processes data for execution.

Arithmetic-Logical Unit (ALU)

Performs mathematical calculations and comparisons.

Output Unit

Displays results after processing input data.

Operating System

Software managing hardware and user commands.

Abstraction

Hides hardware details for user convenience.

Electric Voltage

Physical quantity representing data in analog computers.

Silicon Chip

Small chip containing integrated circuits for computing.

Data Size Measurement

Bits and bytes used to quantify data.

User Commands

Instructions given by users for computer processing.

Mechanical Analog Devices

Early devices using physical mechanisms for computation.

Integration

Mathematical process of combining functions or data.

Differential Equations

Mathematical equations involving derivatives of functions.

Output Devices

Hardware displaying results from computer processing.

Input Devices

Hardware capturing user data for processing.

System Performance Management

Operating system's role in optimizing hardware usage.

Executable Programs

Environment for executing applications and programs.

User-friendly

Easy-to-use format resources for computer systems.

Volatility

Risk of losing stored data during issues.

Expensive

High cost of OS software for small organizations.

Unpredictable

Insecurity due to potential threats at any time.

Microsoft Windows

Graphical operating system family by Microsoft.

Windows 1.0

First version of Windows released in 1985.

Mac OS

Desktop OS created by Apple for Macintosh computers.