Terrorism - EMT

B-NICE

Biologic, nuclear, incendiary, chemical, EXPLOSIVE

Chemical Agents

VRCN (vesticants, resp agents, cyanides, nerve agents)

Department of Homeland Security

issues current levels of threat

National Terrorism Advisory System

alerts summaries of threat and actions to be safe

Observations CLIPS#

Call type, Location type, Preincident Indications, Statements, # Pts

Upwin Uphill

best ambulance parking

Persistent Nonvolatile

agents that can remain on surface for long periods

Nonpersistent Volatile

agents that evaporate quickly

Vesicants

skin contact, produce vapors, burnlike blisters, cause damage in damp areas

Sulfur Mustard

vesicant, brown-yellow, oily, very persistent, attacks bone marrow, limits WBC, vapor / decontaminate transport no antidote

Lewisite Phosgene Oxime

vesicant, blisters, immediate pain, gray discolor at site / decontaminate transport no antidote

Chlorine

pulmonary, choking sensation, SOB, horse stridor, pulm edema

Phosgene

pulmonary, combustion, delayed onset, nausea, cough, pulm edema

DuoDote AutoInjector

Nerve agent treatment

Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanogen Chloride

metabolic, cyanides, affect ability to use oxygen, dizziness, headache, vomiting, tachypnea/cardia, AMS, seizure, CA, industrial / remove clothes

Smallpox

Highly contagious, must wear examination gloves, respirator, eye protection, observe SSL of lesions, aerosol, contact with blisters, flu symptoms + bleeding skin, ~4wks

Organophosphates

Nerve, Bug sprays, CA within seconds, blocks enzyme

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

blood to seep out of tissues and vessels, flu symptoms -> hemorrhaging (in and out), direct contact, sudden onset

Anthrax

bacterium, dormant in spores, aerosol, (rare) cutaneous (use dry sterile), gastrointestinal, (pulm is deadliest), vaccine, flu symptoms + pulm edema + resp failure

Plague

rodent fleas, bubonic (low) infects lymphatic creating buboes, pneumonic (high) infects lungs, aerosol, ingestion, cutaneous, flu symptoms

Botulinum

neurotoxin, bacterial, no more voluntary muscle control, paralysis -> resp arrest, aerosol, ingestion, inhalation, dry mouth, intestinal obstruction, urinary retention, nausea, pupil dilation, vision problems, vaccine

Ricin

castor bean, pulm edema, resp cardiac failure, stable, toxic, aerosol, food water contamination, swelling at site if injected, resp problems + pulm edema if inhaled, nausea and vomiting + internal bleeding if ingested, no treatment

Most to Least Harmful Ionizing Radiation

neutron - gamma - beta - alpha

Dirty Bomb

Radiologic dispersal device, explosive radioactive material

Radiation Toxicity Signs (Severe to Low)

2nd/3rd degree burn, cancer, death / 1st degree burn, hair loss, immune system damage, cancer / nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache

Tabun

nerve, Fruity, easy manufacture, immediate onset, low volatility, skin contact and vapor

Sarin

nerve, no scent, immediate onset, high volatility, respiratory, lethal skin exposure

Soman

nerve, fruity, ages rapidly, immediate onset, moderate volatility, skin contact, minimal vapor

V agent

nerve, no scent, most lethal, immediate onset, very low volatility, skin contact