Chemistry Finals

**Study Daily

Who created the Atomic Theory?

Dalton

What was found in the Atomic Theory?

all matter is made of atoms

Who created the Cathode Ray experiment?

Thompson

What was found in the Cathode Ray experiment?

Electrons are negatively charged. E/M, charge - mass ratio

Who created the Oil Drop experiment?

Millikan

What was found in the Oil Drop experiment?

Electron charge mass (it was an addition to the plum pudding model)

What was the model included in the Atomic Theory?

Atomic Model

What was the model included in the Cathode Ray experiment?

Plum Pudding Model

Who created the Gold Foil experiment?

Rutherford

What was found in the Gold Foil experiment?

the proton, it is small with a dense positively charged nucleus. the atom is mostly empty

What was the model included in the Gold Foil experiment?

Nuclear Model

Who created the Beryllium Bombardment Alpha Particle experiment?

Chadwick

What did they find in the Beryllium Bombardment Alpha Particle experiment?

the neutron, it has no charge and a mass similar to the proton

What model was included in the Beryllium Bombardment Alpha Particle experiment?

it was an addition to the nuclear model

Who created the Black Body Energy Radiation theory?

Planck

What was found in the Black Body Energy Radiation theory?

energy is not emitted or absorbed continuously but rather in discrete packets called quanta

What model is included in the Black Body Energy Radiation theory?

it was an addition to the nuclear model

Who created the photoelectric effect?

Einstein

What was found in the photoelectric effect?

light behaves also as a particle

What model was included in the photoelectric effect?

it was an addition to the nuclear model

Who explained the atomic emission/ absorption spectra?

Bohr

What was found in the atomic emission/ absorption spectra?

Electrons orbit the nucleus like planets at specific energy levels & transitions emit energy as light

What model is included in the atomic emission/ absorption spectra?

Bohr Model

Who created the Double Slit experiment?

de Brogile Schrodange Heisenberg

What was found in the Double Slit experiment?

electrons have wave particle duality and exist in orbitals (probability clouds). uncertainty principle

What model is included in the Double Slit experiment?

it was an addition to the Bohr Model

What is the nucleus responsible for?

Stability

What is the neutron responsible for?

Stability

What is the protons responsibility?

Identity

What is the electrons responsibilty?

reactivity

proton mass

1.00727amu

neutron mass

1.0066amu

electron mass

0.00055amu

What are isotopes?

atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons

Average atomic mass equation

Σ(fractional aubundance x isotopic mass)

label each letter

a - mass #

z - atomic #

x - element

c - charge

% abundance equation

% abundance = (# of atoms of a specific isotope/total # of atoms of all isotopes) x 100

what is this: c

speed of light

what is this: lambda

wavelength

what is this: v

frequency

what is the emission spectrum

unique pattern of light emitted by an element when it transitions from a higher to lower energy state

what are the quantum numbers?

set of 4 numbers that describe the properties of an electron in an atom

what is the principle quantum number and what does it do?

n, represents the main energy level

what is the angular momentum quantum number and what does it do?

l, describes the shape of the electrons orbital

what is the magnetic quantum number and what does it do?

ml, specifies the orientation of the orbital in space

what is the spin quantum number and what does it do?

represents the spin of the electron

What is Hund’s Rule?

when electron orbitals are being filled, individual electrons will occupy separate orbitals within a subshell before pairing with the same orbital

how many elements were discovered by 1860?

60

what did Mendeleev do?

put together the periodic table in the order of its properties

how many elements did mendeleev predict would be discovered?

3

What did Mosely do?

rearranged the periodic table by proton charge

how is the periodic table organized?

atomic #

group 17 was added by -

Ramsey

what are lanthanides?

14 elements with atomic #’s from 58-71

what are actinides?

14 elements with atomic #’s from 90-103

why are noble gasses so stable?

they have special electron configurations and completely balanced electrons

what are valance electrons?

outermost electrons in an atom that help with chemical bonding

valance electrons in the s-block

number of ve corresponds to the group number and is on the outermost part of the last s orbital

valance electrons in the p-block

number of ve is determined by the last number in the group number (18=8), outermost s and p orbitals

valance electrons in the d-block

number of ve is very complex to determine (n-1)d, ve in their outermost s and d orbitals

valance electrons in the f-block

number of ve is always 2, ve on the outermost part of the s and f block

name of group 1

alkali metals

name of group 2

alkaline earth metals

name of group 3-12

transition metals

name of group 13

boron group

name of group 14

carbon group

name of group 15

nitrogen

name of group 16

oxygen group

name of group 17

halogens

name of group 18

noble gasses

what type is alkali metals

highly reactive & soft

what type is alkaline earth metals

highly reactive & silvery

what type is transition metals

metal, low reactivity

what type is boron group

metalloid, medium reactivity

what type is carbon group

non-metals, low reactivity

what type is nitrogen group

pnictogens, low reactivity

what type is oxygen group

chalcogens, pretty reactive

what type is halogens

non-metals, high reactivity

what type is noble gases

gases, low reactivity