17th Century England Mock

When Charles surrendered (end of first civil war)

May 1646

Who Charles surrendered to

The Scots

When the Newcastle Propositions were

1646

What Parliament demanded in the Newcastle Propositions

Control of the army for 20 years and a Presbyterian Church settlement

When the Heads of the Proposals were

1647

Why the settlements failed

Charles believed divisions would work in his favour and he refused to compromise on religion and royal authority. Parliament and the Army could not agree.

New Model Army grievances

Unpaid wages from the war, threat of disbandment which increased stress over backpay and fear Parliament would settle with the King against army interests.

Popular sovereignty

The belief that political authority should come from the people rather than a King.

Legal equality

The idea that all men should be equal before the law, regardless of status.

When the Putney Debates happened

1647

The Putney Debates

Discussions within the New Model Army between radical Levellers and senior officers over political rights and the future of government.

When the Second Civil War began

1648

A secret agreement between Charles and the Scots to invade England.

The Engagement

The people who defeated the Scottish invasion

Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell

Results of the Second Civil War

Radicalised the army and shifted opinion from settlement to punishment.

When Pride’s Purge occurred

December 1648

Pride’s Purge

Thomas Pride, backed by the Army, excluded MPs who favoured negotiation which left a small, compliant Parliament: the Rump Parliament. This meant Parliament was not free and that army dominated over politics.

Charles’ execution date

30th January 1649

What Charles was charged with

Treason against the people of England

Cavaliers

Royalists, supporters of the King

Roundheads

Parliamentarians, supporters of Parliament

Levellers

A radical political group who advocated for popular sovereignty and legal equality.

When the Battle of Preston occurred

1648

What the Engagement promised

Presbyterianism in exchange for military support

Presbyterianism

A form of Protestant Christianity that wanted the Church run by elders instead of bishops and supported one national church for everyone.