Exam #3 Review Outline: Immune and Respiratory Systems

These flashcards cover critical vocabulary related to the Immune and Respiratory Systems based on the exam review outline.

Adaptive Immune System

A part of the immune system that is specific, has memory responses, and involves cells like B and T lymphocytes.

Innate Immune System

The immune system's first line of defense that is non-specific, responds quickly, and includes barriers like skin and phagocytic cells.

Phagocytosis

The process by which certain cells engulf and digest pathogens or particles.

Immunological Tolerance

The process by which the immune system does not mount an attack against the body's own antigens.

Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)

Cells that process antigens and present them to T cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells.

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

A set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that help the immune system identify self vs non-self.

Cytotoxic T Cells

T cells that directly kill infected cells or cancer cells.

Plasma Cells

B cells that produce antibodies in response to an antigen.

Humoral Immunity

A form of immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells.

Cell-Mediated Immunity

A form of immunity that involves T cells directly attacking infected or cancerous cells.

Antibody Classes

The five major classes of antibodies: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, each with distinct functions.

Secondary Immune Response

The immune response that occurs upon re-exposure to an antigen, characterized by a faster and stronger reaction than the primary response.

Autoimmunity

An immune response where the body attacks its own cells and tissues.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

A chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by HIV, which attacks the immune system.

Respiratory System

The organ system responsible for gas exchange, consisting of airways, lungs, and muscles of respiration.

Larynx Functions

The larynx plays a role in sound production and protects the trachea against food aspiration.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen and helps transport carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs.

Oxygen-Hemoglobin Saturation Curve

A curve that illustrates how hemoglobin's oxygen binding varies with different physiological conditions.

Respiratory Rate

The number of breaths taken per minute.

Alveolar Ventilation Rate

The amount of air that reaches the alveoli per minute, crucial for gas exchange.

Pulmonary Capacities

Standard measures of lung function, including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume.