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L21-23 L25-26

Which of the following does not occur during binary fission in prokaryotes?

a. DNA replication

b. Cell elongation

c. (Plasma) membrane synthesis

d. Cell wall synthesis

e. All of the above occur during binary fission in prokaryotes

e. All of the above occur during binary fission in prokaryotes

T/F: During cell division, each daughter cell receives a full complement of genetic material and sufficient cytoplasmic components from the parent cell.

True

The two stages of the cell cycle in eukaryotes are

a. Interphase and Anaphase

b. M Phase and Interphase

c. Cytokinesis and Mitosis

d. Mitosis and Anaphase

e. Interphase and Telophase

b. M Phase and Interphase

Which phase of interphase is this:

• Increases in size and protein content in preparation for the S phase

G1 Phase

Which phase of interphase is this:

• Replication of DNA in the nucleus

S Phase

Which phase of interphase is this:

• Preparation of the cell for mitosis and cytokinesis

G2 Phase

Which phase of interphase is this:

• Occurs in cells that are not actively dividing

G0 Phase

All of the following are stages in Mitosis except

a. Prophase

b. Prometaphase

c. Cytokinesis

d. Metaphase

e. Anaphase

f. Telophase

g. All of the above are stages in Mitosis

c. Cytokinesis

T/F: The cells of the human body contain 23 chromosomes.

False

T/F: Cells that contain one complete set of chromosomes are haploid.

True

Which of the following statements regarding Meiosis is false?

a. By the end of Meiosis II, four daughter cells have been produced from a single parent cell.

b. The daughter cells generated by the end of Meiosis II have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

c. The DNA makeup of the each daughter cell is unique.

d. The resulting daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

d. The resulting daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Crossing over occurs during

a. Prophase I

b. Anaphase I

c. Prophase II

d. Anaphase II

e. Cytokinesis

a. Prophase I

T/F: Anaphase I involves the separation of homologous chromosomes while Anaphase II involves the separation of sister chromatids.

True

At the end of Meiosis I in humans, the two daughter cells each contain

a. 23 chromosomes

b. 46 chromosomes

c. 92 chromosomes

d. 10 chromosomes

a. 23 chromosomes

During Fertilization, sperm and eggs fuse to form a __________ with a _________ genome.

a. zygote; haploid

b. zygote; diploid

c. chiasmata; haploid

d. chiasmata; diploid

b. zygote; diploid

T/F: Cyclin proteins are produced and degraded cyclically.

True

What does G1/S Cyclin-CDK complex during cell cycle

Prepares the cell for DNA replication

What does S Cyclin do during cell cycle

Helps the cell initiate DNA synthesis

M Cyclin/CDK complex

Prepares the cell for Mitosis

Which cell cycle checkpoint is incorrectly matched with the phase of the cell cycle during which it operates?

a. DNA damage checkpoint: G1 phase

b. DNA replication checkpoint: S phase

c. Spindle assembly checkpoint: M phase

d. All of the above checkpoints are correctly match with the phase of the cell cycle during which they are occurring.

b. DNA replication checkpoint: S phase

T/F: DNA replication follows the Semi-conservative model of replication.

True

During DNA Replication, DNA Polymerase

a. catalyzes the addition of RNA nucleotides to 3' end of a daughter strand of DNA.

b. catalyzes the addition of DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of a daughter strand of DNA.

c. catalyzes the addition of RNA nucleotides to 5' end of a daughter strand of DNA.

d. catalyzes the addition of DNA nucleotides to the 5' end of a daughter strand of DNA.

b. catalyzes the addition of DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of a daughter strand of DNA.

Which of the following enzymes synthesizes the small RNA primers that are required to initiate DNA synthesis by DNA Polymerase?
a. RNA Primase
b. RNA Helicase
c. RNA Polymerase
d. RNA Topoisomerase

a. RNA Primase

During DNA replication, the Helicase enzyme

a. separates the newly synthesized daughter DNA strands from each other.

b. reforms the DNA double helix when replication is finished.

c. synthesizes the DNA nucleotides needed for replication.

d. separates the parent strands of DNA from each other.

d. separates the parent strands of DNA from each other.

During DNA replication, the enzyme DNA Ligase

a. catalyzes the formation of hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

b. catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups that are unlinked in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

c. removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides.

d. catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between an incoming DNA nucleotide and the 3' end of the growing daughter strand of DNA.

b. catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups that are unlinked in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

T/F: Lagging daughter strands of DNA are synthesized continuously.

False

During DNA replication, Single stranded binding proteins

a. bind to the separated parent template strands to prevent them from re-associating.

b. bind to the newly synthesized daughter strands to prevent them from associating with one another.

c. bind to the daughter strands to prevent them from associating with the parent template strand.

d. bind to the RNA primer to prevent it from associating with the parent DNA template.

a. bind to the separated parent template strands to prevent them from re-associating.

T/F: There are multiple Origins of Replication on linear chromosomes.

True

The end problem of linear DNA replication exists because

a. neither the lagging nor leading strand can be fully replicated.

b. the lagging strand is not fully replicated.

c. the leading strand is not fully replicated.

d. both the lagging and leading strands can be fully replicated.

b. the lagging strand is not fully replicated.

The repetitive sequence that is added to the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes is called the

a. centromere

b. centriole

c. telomere

d. promoter

c. telomere

The enzyme responsible for adding telomeres to the ends of our chromosomes is called

a. Telomerase

b. DNA Polymerase

c. DNA Ligase

d. Primase

a. Telomerase

T/F: The enzyme Telomerase is fully active in germ cells.

True

T/F: An organism's genotype has no effect on its phenotype.

False

An allele is defined as

a. the genetic makeup of an organism.

b. the observable characteristics of an organism.

c. the different forms of a gene that correspond to differences in DNA sequences.

d. the number of chromosomes in a cell.

c. the different forms of a gene that correspond to differences in DNA sequences.

T/F: An organisms that is homozyous for brown eye color has two copies of the brown eye allele.

True

A pea plant that is true-breeding for purple flower color

a. produces offspring with white flowers.

b. produces offspring with purple flowers.

c. produces offspring with white and purple flowers.

d. produces offspring with light purple flowers due to the blending of white and purple flower colors.

b. produces offspring with purple flowers.

T/F: Mendel's mating of a true-breeding pea plant with yellow seeds to a true-breeding pea plant with green seeds resulted in F1 progeny (plants) that had both green and yellow seeds.

Question 5

False

During Prophase

a. the parent cell's DNA undergoes DNA replication.

b. microtubules from the mitotic spindle attach to sister chromatids via kinetochores.

c. the chromosomes condense.

d. the chromosomes align along the midline of the parent cell.

c. the chromosomes condense.

During Prometaphase

a. the chromosomes condense.

b. microtubules from the mitotic spindle attach to sister chromatids.

c. the chromosomes align at the midline of the parent cell.

d. sister chromatids are pulled apart.

b. microtubules from the mitotic spindle attach to sister chromatids.

During Metaphase

a. the chromosomes align along the midline of the parent cell.

b. the nuclear envelope breaks down.

c. the chromosomes decondense.

d. microtubules from the mitotic spindle attach onto sister chromatids.

a. the chromosomes align along the midline of the parent cell.

During Anaphase

a. the nuclear envelope breaks down.

b. the nuclear envelope reforms.

c. the chromosomes align along the midline of the parent cell.

d. sister chromatids are pulled apart to yield individual chromosomes.

d. sister chromatids are pulled apart to yield individual chromosomes.

During Telophase

a. the nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes decondense.

b. the nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes condense.

c. the nuclear envelope degrades and chromosomes decondense.

d. the nuclear envelope degrades and chromosomes condense.

a. the nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes decondense.

During Cytokinesis,

a. the nuclear envelope reforms around the daughter nuclei.

b. the DNA in the daughter cells undergoes replication.

c. the cytoplasmic components of the parent cell are divided among the daughter cells.

d. a cell plate is formed in all eukaryotic cells.

c. the cytoplasmic components of the parent cell are divided among the daughter cells.

For the seven traits Mendel tested in his first round of pea plant crosses (table 16.1), the ratio of plants exhibiting the dominant:recessive traits in the F2 generation was roughly

a. 3:1

b. 1:3

c. 1:1

d. 1:2:1

a. 3:1

T/F: Mendel's Principle of Segregation states that the alleles for a particular gene are separated from each other during the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells).

True

(Note: 'A' is the allele for yellow seed color and 'a' is the allele for green seed color) When a pea plant that is heterozygous for yellow seed color (Aa) is crossed to a pea plant that is homozygous for green seed color (aa), the resulting F1 generation will

a. all contain yellow seeds.

b. all contain green seeds.

c. contain a 1:1 ratio of yellow:green seeds.

d. contain a 3:1 ratio of yellow:green seeds.

c. contain a 1:1 ratio of yellow:green seeds.

During a Test Cross, individuals with an unknown genotype are crossed with

a. true-breeding recessive plants.

b. true-breeding dominant plants.

c. plants that are heterozygous for the particular trait.

d. plants that do no express the particular trait.

a. true-breeding recessive plants.

During Meiosis, the segregation of alleles for a particular gene occurs during

a. Prophase I

b. Metaphase I

c. Anaphase I

d. Telophase I

c. Anaphase I

Which statement regarding Incomplete Dominance is false?

a. The F1 generation of a cross involving a trait that exhibits incomplete dominance will display an intermediate phenotype for that particular trait.

b. The F1 generation of a cross involving a trait that exhibits incomplete dominance will show the dominant phenotype for that particular trait.

c. Some of the F2 generation of a cross involving a trait that exhibits incomplete dominance will display phenotypes that resemble the P(parental) generation.

d. Some of the F2 generation of a cross involving a trait that exhibits incomplete dominance will display phenotypes that resemble the F1 generation.

b. The F1 generation of a cross involving a trait that exhibits incomplete dominance will show the dominant phenotype for that particular trait.

Mendel's Principle of Independent Assortment states that

a. the formation of gametes leads to the equal separation of alleles for a particular gene into the sperm and eggs

b. the formation of gametes leads to the unequal separation of alleles for a particular gene into the sperm and eggs

c. the two alleles of a particular gene segregate into gametes independently of the two alleles of another gene.

d. the two alleles of a particular gene segregate into gametes in a manner that depends on the segregation of the two alleles of another gene.

c. the two alleles of a particular gene segregate into gametes independently of the two alleles of another gene.

Consider a pea plant mating in which the yellow seed phenotype is dominant to green seeds and round seeds is dominant to wrinkled seeds. What would the phenotypic ratio be for an F1 generation pea plant whose female parent plant was true-breeding for yellow/wrinkled seeds and male parent plant was true-breeding for green/round seeds?

a. 1:1:1:1; yellow, round; yellow, wrinkled; green, round; green,wrinkled

b. 9:3:3:1; yellow, round; yellow, wrinkled; green, round; green,wrinkled

c. All the plants will have yellow, round seeds.

d. All the plants will have green, wrinkled seeds.

All the plants will have yellow, round seeds.

T/F: During epistasis, the expression of one gene alters the expression of a different gene.

True

In the Thomas Hunt Morgan fruit fly experiment, the mating of a true-breeding red-eyed female (dominant) with a true-breeding white-eyed male (recessive) in the parental generation resulted in

a. males with red eyes and females with white eyes.

b. males with white eyes and females with red eyes.

c. males and females with white eyes.

d. males and females with red eyes.

d. males and females with red eyes.

During normal segregation of the sex chromosomes in female meiosis, the resulting egg cells

a. only contain one X-chromosome.

b. only contain one Y-chromosome.

c. contain one X and one Y chromosome.

d. contain neither an X nor a Y chromosome.

a. only contain one X-chromosome.

The goal of cytokinesis is to split

a. cytoplasm

b. chromosomes

c. chlorophyll

d. chromatin

cytoplasm

Mitosis is used to make ______ cells while Meiosis is used to make _______ cells.

a. brain/liver

b. liver/heart

c. body; sperm/egg

d. sperm/egg; body

c. body; sperm/egg

Parent cells during the process of Mitosis and Meiosis are haploid or diploid

diploid

The diploid number of a human body (somatic) cell is

a. 0

b. 92

c. 46

d. 23

c. 46

There are _______ chromosomes and _______ chromatids in a human cell after S phase.

a. 46; 92

b. 46; 23

c. 92; 46

d. 23; 46

a. 46; 92

Chromosome duplication happens during the _______ phase of the cell cycle.

a. S

b. G2

c. G1

d. M

e. G0

a. S

Prophase I of Meiosis involves the lining up of

a. centrosomes

b. somatic chromosomes

c. homologous chromosomes

d. sister chromatids

c. homologous chromosomes

Crossing over happens during _______ of _______.

a. Prophase I; Meiosis

b. Prophase II; Meiosis

c. Prophase; Mitosis

a. Prophase I; Meiosis

During Metaphase of Mitosis, _______ line up along the midline while during Metaphase I of Meiosis, _______ line up along the midline.

a. Duplicated chromosomes; Duplicated homologous chromosome pairs

b. Duplicated homologous chromosome pairs; Duplicated chromosomes

c. Homologous chromosome pairs; Sister chromatids

d. Sister chromatids; Homologous chromosome pairs

a. Duplicated chromosomes; Duplicated homologous chromosome pairs

During Anaphase I of Meiosis, _______ are pulled apart.

a. Centrioles

b. Homologous chromosome pairs

c. Sister chromatids

d. Centrosomes

b. Homologous chromosome pairs

At the end of Mitosis, there are _______ daughter cells that are _______.

a. 4; diploid

b. 2; haploid

c. 2; diploid

d. 4; haploid

c. 2; diploid

At the end of Meiosis, there are _______ daughter cells that are _______.

a. 4; diploid

b. 4; haploid

c. 2; haploid

d. 2; diploid

b. 4; haploid

A fertilized egg is called a/an

a. embryo

b. fetus

c. sac-o-DNA

d. zygote

d. zygote

What is the role of Helicase in DNA replication

unwinds the double-stranded DNA helix by breaking hydrogen bonds btwn base pairs

role of Primase in DNA replication

enzyme the synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers so that DNA can begin synthesizing

why is Primase necessary for DNA replication

DNA polymerase cannot begin a new strand on its own so RNA primase synthesizes RNA for DNA to begin synthesizing

what is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication

synthesizes a new DNA strand from an existing template and corrects mistakes in replication

what is the role of DNA ligase

enzyme that closes gaps in the sugar phosphate backbone btwn Okazaki fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds

is the leading strand synthesis occurring in the same or opposite direction as replication fork movement?

same direction

is the lagging strand synthesis occurring in the same or opposite direction as replication fork movement?

different

The process whereby prokaryotic cells divide is called:

• mitosis

• binary fission

• meiosis

• anaphase

binary fission

Eukaryotic cells spend the majority of time in which phase

• Interphase

• M phase

• Meiosis

• Telophase

Interphase

DNA replication occurs during:

• M phase

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

S phase

A cell with a diploid number of 8 contains

• A complete set of 8 chromosomes

• Two sets of 8 chromosomes

• A complete set of 4 chromosomes

• Two sets of 4 chromosomes

Two sets of 4 chromosomes

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes DNA Replication

• Primase

• RNA Polymerase

• DNA Polymerase

• The Ribosome

DNA Polymerase

Which daughter strand is synthesized in the direction opposite the movement of the replication fork?

• Leading strand

• Lagging strand

• Both the leading and lagging strands

• Neither the leading nor lagging strands

Lagging strand

T/F: DNA Polymerase on its own is capable of initiating the synthesis of a new daughter strand

False

Which of the following enzymes in responsible for separating the parental strands of DNA

• DNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Topoisomerase

• Primase

Helicase

The region of DNA where replication begins is called the

• Origin of replication

• Promoter

• Enhancer

• Start Codon

Origin of replication

Which daughter strand cannot be fully synthesized at the very ends of the chromosomes?

• Leading strand

• Lagging strand

• Both leading and lagging strands

• Neither the leading nor the lagging strands

Lagging strand

The repetitive sequences at the ends of our chromosomes are called

• centromeres

• telomeres

• centrosomes

• origins

telomeres

T/F: telomerase is active in all eukaryotic cells at all times

False

The genetic makeup of an organism is called its

• genotype

• phenotype

• karyotype

• allele

genotype

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein or functional RNA is called

• an allele

• a gene

• a codon

• a promoter

a gene

An individual who is heterozygous for a particular trait has

• two of the same alleles for that trait

• two different alleles for that trait

• only one allele for that trait

• zero alleles for that trait

two different alleles for that trait

Mendel’s Principle of Segregation states that

• both alleles for a particular trait end up in the same gamete

• none of the alleles for a particular trait end up in the same gamete

• only one allele for a particular trait ends up in an organism’s gamete

only one allele for a particular trait ends up in an organism’s gamete

During which phase of Meiosis is segregation taking place

• Prophase 1

• Anaphase 1

• Prophase 2

• Anaphase 2

Anaphase 1