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What requires ATP (cellular energy)?
Exocytosis, solute pumping, endocytosis, phagocytosis
What is driven by kinetic enegery of molecules?
simple diffusion, osmosis diffusion
What is driven by hydrostatic (fluid) pressure?
filtration
What follows a concentration gradient?
Simple diffusiom, osmosis diffusion
What proceeds against a concentration gradient and requires a carrier
solute pumping
What is a mean of secreting cell products?
exocytosis
What moves water through a semipermeable membrane>
osmosis diffusion
What transports amino acids, some sugars, and sodiums through the plasma membrane?
Solute pumping
What provides for cellular uptake of solid or large particles from the cell exterior>
endocytosis and phagocytosis
What moves small or lipid soluable solutes through the membrane?
simple diffusion
Cells consits of what 3 major parts
nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
What are the parts of a double layer of phopholipid molecules?
polar heads (hydrophilic) andfatty acid tails (hydrophobic)
Cell membranes contain what different types of proteins
globs, rods, fibers
What is the functionn of carbohydrates in the cell membrane?
cell recognition and adhesion
WHat is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
stabilizes the membrane
Whqt are the 4 types of passive mechanisms?
diffusion, facilitated dffusion, osmosis, filtration
Simple diffusion
high conc. → low conc. until equilibrium
ex: sugar or food dye
Facilitated diffusion
high conc. → low conc. bur selectively permeable membrane involved
= use of a helper protein
Osmosis
solvent moleules move across a selectively permeable membrane in water
what are the 3 types of osmosis
isotonic- same pessure outside and inside
hypertonic- solution has higher osmotic pressure than bodu fluids (cells shrink)
hypotonic- solution has lower osmotic pressure (cells swell)
filtration diffusion
forces molecules through membranes by hydrostatic pressure- used to seperate solids from water
ex: coffee
what is the diff between diffusion and osmos
osmos uses a slective membrane
active mechanisms moves particles from a region of conc to conc.
low to high conc
Examples of pumps
sugars, amino acids, sodium, potassium, calcium
What are two other processes that use cellular energy without crossing the cell membrane
edocyctosis and exocytosis
exocytosis
vesicle fuses with membrane to expell substances from cell
ex: secretion of certain hormones
Note 
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