Human Microbiome: Microbes, Diversity, and Health Impacts

human infants

subject of the study

microbes

Any microscopic organism. Mainly bacteria, protists, some fungi, and even some tiny multi-cellular organisms.

microbiome

all of the microorganisms that live in a particular environment, such as the human body

Most microbiomes are primarily in the...

gut

Amount of microbes

20x that of human cells, about 20 trillion in an adult

The experiment used...

genetic sequencing

species of microbes

about 1000 in the human body

In the microbiome, there are

many diverse ecosystems

Human Microbiome Project

-Begun in 2007

-Goal of determining the makeup of typical microbiota of various areas of the body

-Secondary goal of understanding relationship between changes in microbiome and human diseases

genetic sequencing

the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule

genetic sequencing was used to see how...

Microbiome discovery affects our health

European Union's Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract.

- one of the two main microbiome studys (paper)

-

microflora

bacteria and microscopic algae and fungi, especially those living in a particular site or habitat.

genetic sequencing found and identified what amount of microbes?

20%

some diseases and conditions arise from...

an imbalance with organisms that communicate with the host, irritable bowel syndrome, allergies, diabetes, and obesity

amount microbes per sq cm

over 1 million

staphylococcus epidermis

skin microbe bacteria (rash and bumps)

cystic fibrosis patients with more diverse microbiome have a lower chance of...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

gastontnal bacteria

sepsis, chronic diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis

more normal populations of microbes can...

ofsett bad populations

amount of microbes from birth canal...

about 100 species

amount of species at 6 months

about 700

Heavy antibiotic use can lead to...

antibiotic resistance, upset balance of microbial community, increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, and death

some examples of daily probitoics

Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis

more microbial diversity

Lower probability pathogens can invade and persist

Cipro has low effectiveness in the...

gut

competitive exclusion culture

bacterial culture to prevent pathogens in the gut

breast milk high in...

oligosaccharides- can improve metabolism and immunity

Breastfeeding leads to...

quicker development, higher iq, better immunty