4.3, 4.4: Water, Food Production Systems and Society

Zooplankton

________: single- celled animals that eat phytoplankton and their waste.

Pollutants

________ can be: anthropogenic or natural, point or nonpoint source, organic or inorganic, direct or indirect.

Continental shelf

________: extension of continents under the seas and oceans (creates shallow water)

Aquaculture

________: farming aquatic organisms (coastal and inland) involving interventions in the rearing process to enhance production.

Eutrophication

________: when lakes and coastal waters receive inputs of nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) that result in an excess growth of plants and phytoplankton.

Indicator species

________: plants and animals that show something about the environment by their presence, absence, abundance.

Continental shelf

extension of continents under the seas and oceans (creates shallow water)

Zooplankton

single-celled animals that eat phytoplankton and their waste

Fishery

when fish are harvested in a certain way

Aquaculture

farming aquatic organisms (coastal and inland) involving interventions in the rearing process to enhance production

SY

increase in natural capital (natural income that can be exploited each year without depleting original stock)

MSY

highest amount that can be taken without permanently deleting the stock

**Biochemical oxygen demand**

amount of DO required to break down organic material in a given volume of water

Freshwater pollution

agricultural runoff, sewage, solid domestic waste

BOD

amount of dissolved oxygen required to breakdown organic material in a given volume of water

Indicator species

plants and animals that show something about the environment by their presence, absence, abundance

Biotic index

indirectly measures pollution by assessing the impact on species within the community according the their tolerance, diversity, and relative abundance

Eutrophication

when lakes and coastal waters receive inputs of nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) that result in an excess growth of plants and phytoplankton

Biochemical oxygen demand

amount of DO required to break down organic material in a given volume of water

**Eutrophication**

when lakes and coastal waters receive inputs of nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) that result in an excess growth of plants and phytoplankton

**Biotic index**

indirectly measures pollution by assessing the impact on species within the community according the their tolerance, diversity, and relative abundance

**Indicator species**

plants and animals that show something about the environment by their presence, absence, abundance

**BOD**

amount of dissolved oxygen required to breakdown organic material in a given volume of water

**Freshwater pollution**

agricultural runoff, sewage, solid domestic waste

**Marine pollution**

rivers, human pollution, pipelines