CAPE Biology (P1/2) - Health and Disease

health

state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

State the three major aspects of health

Physical, mental & social

physical health

proper functioning of the body systems

mental health

psychological and emotional well-being

social health

the relationship between an individual’s well being, their means of survival and their environment, often involving their ability to communicate with others and build meaningful relationships

disease

the malfunction of the body and/or the mind or any other danger to health

State the nine main categories of disease

physical, mental, social, chronic, infectious, degenerate, inherited, self-inflicted and deficiency

physical disease

that which arises due to a physiological impairment in the body

What disease category do diabetes, asthma and osteoarthritis fall under?

Physical

mental disease

that which arises due to an impairment of the mind, typically caused by the deterioration of cerebral tissue or matter

What disease category do Alzheimer’s disease, clinical depression and schizophrenia fall under?

Mental

social disease

that which arises due to individual living, environment or systematic constraints

Which disease category do tuberculosis, cholera and rickets fall under?

Social

chronic disease

that which is long-term

Which category of disease do chronic bronchitis, diabetes and cancers fall under?

Chronic

infectious disease

that which arises due to the introduction of a pathogen

Which disease category do dengue fever, influenza and cholera fall under?

Infectious

degenerate disease

that which arises due to the gradual loss of function of tissues and organs

Which disease category do arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis fall under?

Degenerate

inherited disease

that which arises from alleles obtained from parents

Which disease category do sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis and haemophilia fall under?

Inherited

self-inflicted disease

that which arises due to the intake of excess nutrition or drugs from lifestyle choices

Which disease category do liver cirrhosis, lung cancer and coronary health disease fall under?

Self-inflicted

deficiency disease

that which arises from the lack of a particular nutrient in diet

Which disease category do scurvy, kwashikor and night blindness fall under?

Deficiency

incidence rate of a disease

a measure of the frequency in which a particular disease occurs in a population in a period of time

mortality rate of a disease

the number of deaths of persons with that disease in a population at risk for that disease in a period of time

epidemiology

the study of the pattern of distribution of disease, and of the factors that influence its prevalence within a particular population

prevalence of a disease

the amount of individuals that currently have said disease within a particular population

Briefly state two reasons why epidemiology is important

Epidemiologists compile data on the incidence and mortality rates of a disease to analyze the prevalence of the disease and draw conclusions on the impact of the disease on a society.

Assessments made by epidemiologists are used to help governments properly allocate and deploy resources for disease prevention and control

State the six main factors which influence the prevalence of a disease

sex, gender, age, location, access to treatment and access to preventative measures