3 groups of joints

Fibrous / Cartilaginous / Syna

3 groups of joints Structure

Fibrous / Cartilaginous / Synovial

3 groups of joints Function

Synarthrotic / Diarthrotic / Amphiarthrotic

Synovial Joints

• Most movable

• Synovial fluid

• Diarthrotic

Fibrous Joints

• Least movable

• Fibrous CT

• Synarthrotic

Cartilaginous Joints

• Somewhat movable

• Cartilage

• Amphiarthrotic

Joint is freely moving

Synovial Joint / Diarthrotic

Joint shifts slightly

Cartilaginous Joint / Amphiarthrotic

Joint doesn’t move at all

Fibrous Joint / Synarthrotic

Cartilage connecting bones

Cartilaginous Joint / Amphiarthrotic

Femur-Pelvis

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Synovial ——- Diathrotic

Radius-Humerus

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Synovial ——- Diathrotic

Atlas-Axis

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Synovial ——- Diathrotic

Humerous-Scapula

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Synovial ——- Diathrotic

Ribs-Sternum

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Cartilaginous ——- Amphiarthrotic

Teeth-Mandible

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Fibrous ——- Synarthrotic

Pubis-Pubis

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Cartilaginous ——- Amphiarthrotic

Femur-Tibia

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Synovial ——- Diathrotic

Parietal Bone-Parietal Bone

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Fibrous ——- Synarthrotic

Lacrimal Bone-Maxilla

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Fibrous ——- Synarthrotic

Proximal Phalanx-Intermediate Phalanx

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Synovial ——- Diathrotic

T1-T2

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Cartilaginous ——- Amphiarthrotic

Mandible-Temporal Bone

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Synovial ——- Diathrotic

Pelvis-Sacrum

Anatomical ——- Physiological

Fibrous ——- Synarthrotic

Hinge Joint

• Most common type of joint

• Allows 1 type of movement

• Allows a joint to bend (flex) and straighten (extend)

Pivot Joint

• Allows only 180 degree

• One bone rotates around another

Saddle Joint

• Allows 2 types of movement

• Allows a joint to bend (flex) and straighten (extend)

• Allows a joint to move side-to-side

Plane Joint

• Bones slide against each other likes blocks gliding against each other

• Common in short bones

Ball and Socket Joint

• Allows many different types of movements (most movable type of joint)

Condyloid Joint

• Allows 2 types of movement

• Allows a join to bend (flex) and straighten (extend)

• Also allows a joint to slightly shift side-to-side

• A modified ball and socket joint

Atlas-Axis

Pivot

Pubis-Pubis

Not a Synovial Joint

Humerus-Scapula

Ball and Socket

Radius-Humerous

Pivot

Carpal Bones

Gliding

Wrist Joint

Condyloid

Femur-Tibia

Hinge

Temporal Bone-Parietal Bone

Not a Synovial Joint

Tarsal Bones

Gliding

Femur-Pelvis

Ball and Socket

Metacarpal of Thumb-Trapezium

Saddle

L4-L5

Not a Synovial Joint

Temporomandibular Joint

Hinge

Proximal Phalanx-Metacarpal

Condyloid

Flexion

Decreasing an angle between two bones (bending)

Extension

Increasing an angle between two bones (straightening)

Hyperextension

Extending beyond a straight line

Ex. Backbend / Looking up

Dorsiflexion

Toes/Foot point upwards

Plantarflexion

Toes/Foot point downwards

Abduction

Pulling the limbs away from the midline

Adduction

Bringing the limbs back toward midline

Circumduction

Circular motion at a ball and socket joint

Ex. Shoulder circles / Hip circles

Rotation

180 degree rotation (twisting)

Ex. Neck / Wrist / Shoulder / Hip

Lateral Rotation

Rotating out to the side

Ex. Head turned out

Medial Rotation

Rotating in toward the midline

Ex. Bringing head back in

Supination

Palms rotate up

Pronation

Palms rotate down

Eversion

Elevating your lateral soles (big toes side down)

Inversion

Elevating your medial soles (pinky toe side down)

Protraction

To stick out

Ex. Tongue / Head / Jaw

Retraction

To pull back in

Ex. Tongue / Head / Jaw

Elevation

To raise up

Ex. Shoulders / Jaw

Depression

To lower

Ex. Shoulders / Jaw