Muscular Systems

Elasticity

Term describing the ability of a muscle to resume resting length after stretching

Excitability

Term describing the ability of a muscle to receive and respond to a stimulus (Responsiveness or irritability)

Contractility

Term describing the ability of a muscle to forcibly shorten when adequate stimulus is recieved

Extensibility

Term describing the ability of a muscle to be stretched

Elasticity

Term describing the ability of a muscle to resume resting length after stretching

Acetylcholine

In muscle cells, the neurotransmitter released by the neuron that binds to receptors on the sarcolemma

Actin

Thin myofilaments

Myosin

Thick myofilaments

Aerobic

Uses oxygen, primary type of respiration for human body functions

Anaerobic

Does not use oxygen, type of respiration for human body functions when oxygen is unavailable

Isotonic contractions

Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions. Muscle Shortens, Movement occurs.

Isotonic

Bending the knee is an ____ contraction

Isometric Contractions

Muscle filaments are trying to slide but the muscle is against an unmovable object. Tension increases but muscles don’t shorten.

Isometric

Pushing against a wall is an ___ contraction

Myo, Mys

The prefixes ____ and ____ refer to muscles

Muscle fiber

A muscle cell is also called a

Fascicle

Bundle of muscle cells

Perimysium

Each fascicle is wrapped in this connective tissue

Epimysium

A muscle is made of of many fascicles wrapped together and surrounded by this connective tissue

Myofibrils

Long organelles inside the cell

Motor Unit

A motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells stimulated by that neuron

Myosin

Thick filament with cross bridges

Sarcolemma

Specialized plasma membrane surrounding each muscle fiber

Actin

Thin filament found in I and A band areas

Neurotransmitter

Chemical released by nerve upon arrival of an impulse

Sarcomere

Contractile unit of muscle fiber

Sarco

Prefix for flash

Flesh

Term for skin and muscles

Flexion

Bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint. Opposite of Extension. Bending elbow.

Extension

Bending movement increasing joint angle. Opposite of Flexion. Extending elbow.

Rotation

Movement of a bone around a longitudinal axis. Looking side to side.

Abduction

Movement of limbs away from the midline of body. Raising arms out from sides. “I” to “T”

Adduction

Movement of limbs toward the midline. Lowering arms from “T” to “I”

Circumduction

Movement of limb describing a cone in space. Arm circles.

Dorsiflexion

Upward movement of the foot. /

Plantar Flexion

Down movement of the foot. \

Gliding

Surface move back and forth creating a side to side motion. Ex. Radial/Ulnar Deviation (Wave)

Hypertension

Continuation of extension past anatomical position

Inversion

Medial movement of the sole

Eversion

Lateral movement of the sole

Supination

Movement of forearm that turns the palm anteriorly. Palm face up.

Pronation

Movement of forearm that turns the palm posteriorly. Palm face down

Protraction

Push body part out. Protrusion of chin.

Retraction

Take part in. Pull chin in.

Elevation

Superior movement of a body part. Shoulders up on shrug

Depression

Inferior movement of a body part. Shoulders down on shrug

Opposition

Movement of thumb to touch other fingers on the same hand

Frontalis Function

Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

Orbicularis Oculi Function

Blinking, squinting, winking

Orbicularis Oris Function

Kissing muscle

Buccinator Function

Whistle blowing muscle

Zygomaticus

Smiling Muscle

Masseter Function

Muscle that closes jaw

Temporalis Function

Synergist to help close jaw, keeps it in line

Sternocleidomastoid Function

Bend, twist, and flex neck

Pectoralis major function

Adducts or flexes humerus

External and Internal Intercostals Function

Help you to breathe

External and Internal oblique function

Rotate trunk and bend trunk laterally

Rectus abdominus function

Helps to flex vertebral column and force breathing.

Trapezius function

Extends (raises) head, and shoulder motion

Latissimus Dorsi Function

Helps arm, extends and abducts humerus

Deltoid function

Shoulder, abducting of arm

Biceps Brachii

Flexion of forearm

Triceps Brachii

Extension of forearm

Gluteus maximus function

Climb stairs/ jump

Quadriceps group function

Extends knee

Hamstring group function

Thigh extension and knee flexion

Gastrocnemius Function

Plantar/dorsal flexion