Geography - Urban

% of people living in an urban town or city in the UK

90%

what is net migration?

when more people move into cities then out of cities

why do people migrate into the city?

• work opportunities

• exciting lifestyle

• education benefits

why do people move out of the city?

• idylic lifestyle

• traffic congestion

• affordable houses

• pleasent lifestyle

advantages of multicultural cities

• multicultural events

• new foods

• diversity

negative perceptions of multicultrual cities?

• unemployment may rise

• hate crime

• segregation

facilities that attract people

• sports stadium

• shopping centres

• markets

• tourist attractions

what is urban greening?

the process of encouraging more vegetation

advantages of brownfield land?

• less derelict buildings

• close to city centre

disadvantages of brownfield sites

• expensive to remove buildings and waste

• expensive apartments due to high building cost

advantages of greenfield

• no addition removal cost

• cheaper

• source of income for farmers that sell their land

disadvantages of building greenfield sites

• lead to urban sprawl

• loss of habitats

• can never be turned back

2 main issues UK is facing?

dereliction and urban sprawl

examples of regenerations

• canary wharf

• Manchester

• Glasgow

Canary Wharf

a dock that closed and 60% of the docklands was left derelict making it unattractive and high crime rate

now modern skyscrapers, businesses in finance and banking and attracted skilled workers

Glasgow

• regeneration after the 2015 commonwealth

• by constructing new tourist attraction such as the science centre

• cycle paths

what is a sustainable city?

a city that has minimal environmental damage and social inequality whilst conserving resources for the future,

what makes a sustainable city

• renewable energy

• reduced air pollution

• increases taxes

• sustainable technology

• low emissions

in LIC and developing countries how many people live in urban areas?

just over half e.g. Turkey has 68%

Examply of LIC

Haiti

how does an LIC urban area look?

less business opportunities, temporary housing or poorly built communities (shanty towns)

push factors from rural

• climate change is making farming more difficult (desertification)

• poor access to services

• isolated

pull factors for cities

• higher paid jobs

• better education

• public transport

• more entertaining (social opportunities)

what is the population of a megacity?

10 million

describe the pattern of mega cities?

concentrated in south asia

example of mega cities with squatter settlemtnes

mexico city, mumbai

problems with growing city

• demand for public services increase

• squatter settlements

• unemployment

• air pollution

• waste and sewage

managing the growing city

• reduce traffic congestion

• pollution control → fines

• more sewage plants and waste disposals.

• strict policing