Mass Media Final Exam

Console

A machine that allows people to play video games

Third-Party Publisher

Build a game and distribute it to the console

First-Person Perspective

First-person view of the main character

MMORPG

Massively Multiplayer Online Roleplaying Game

Catharsis

The theory that watching mediated violence reduces people's inclination to behave aggressively

Desensitatizion

An idea that audiences become more accepting of real-world violence because of its presence in media

Aggressive Cue Model

Media portrayals can indicate that certain classes of people are acceptable targets for real-world aggression

Advergames

Use games to advertise products

Casual Games

Download with little to no expense on the phone and can get in and out quickly

Exergames

Can exercise while playing games

News Games

A type of video game that use journalistic principles to explain or comment on current events

Advocacy Games

Online games supporting an idea rather than a product

Gamification

Trend where more stuff in society becomes like a game

Daguerreotypes

First ever type of photographs

Calotypes

Process that produces multiple prints from a single image

Zoopraxiscope

An early motion picture projector that displayed moving images on a screen

Persistence of Vision

The ability of the human eye to continue to see the image of an object for a very short duration even after the removal of that object

Kinetoscope

An early motion-picture device in which the images were viewed through a peephole

Nickelodean

Common type of early movie theater, 5 cent admission; storefront and movie projected on a screen

Voyage Dans La Lune

"A Trip to the Moon" (1902) The first movie that has a storyline

The Great Train Robbery

A 1903 black and white silent western action film; incorporated narrative

Birth of a Nation

First feature-length movie (1915); no speaking or voices just viewers imagination

The Jazz Singer

The first movie with sound synchronized to the action

Escapism

When entertainment offers an escape from reality or routine

Ideology

A set of ideas intended to reinforce existing relationships of power

Psuedoevents

Special events designed to attract media attention

Propaganda Stage of P.R

First glimpse of public relations; politics, social movements, the circus, and the railroad

Early Two-Way Comm Stage of P.R

Think more scientifically about what to produce and what age group

Advanced Two-Way Comm Stage of P.R

A dynamic exchange of information where messages are sent and received between parties, allowing for feedback and dialogue

George Creel

Former journalist helps Woodrow Wilson "sell" WWII to Americans

Louis McHenry Howe

A former journalist who helps FDR sell Americans on the "New Deal"

Edward Bernays

The father of public relations; invented breakfast in the U.S. (bacon and eggs); Made smoking a women's rights movement

Focus Groups

A strategy to obtain data from a small group of people using interview questions

Surveys

Collect data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire

Cause Marketing

Any company that does something charitable to get customers interested

Corporate Social Responsibility

Is a business model that considers a company's impact on society and the environment, in addition to economic profits

Greenwashing

How much more would you be willing to pay for a similar product that was better for the environment?

Shaping the Character of Public Relations

Advances in Technology
Growth of middle class
Growth of organizations
Better research tools
Professionalization

Complaints about Advertising

Advertising is intrusive
- Gets annoying
Advertising is deceptive (misleading)
- Lies about the product
Advertising exploits children (as well as the elderly)
- Tells them things in the world that may or may not be true
Advertising demeans and corrupts our culture
- Tells us something wrong with us

Defense of Advertising

Advertising supports our economic system
People use advertising to gather information before making buying decisions
Ads make "free" media possible
Advertising increases national productivity and improves the standard of living

Brandalism

Vandalizing brand messages

Social Networking Sites

Websites that function as online communities of users

Dual Factor Use of Social Media

Need to belong and Need for self-presentation

Extended Real-Life Hypothesis

We use social media as an extension of our lives
- Same person in life to social media
- The idea that we use social media to communicate our actual identities

Idealized Virtual Hypothesis

Social media users tend to show idealized characteristics that do not reflect who they are
- Fake
- Make their lives look grand

Social Augmentation Hypothesis

The Internet expands our social network and provides relational benefits

Social Displacement Hypothesis

The Internet causes people to communicate less with people around them and hurts relationships

Social Compensation Hypothesis

People who are impoverished socially will benefit from the sense of connection created by the Internet

Facebook Depression

Depression resulting from the intensity of social media activity

Facebook Envy

Resentfulness of others' social media expressions of happiness

Law of Amplification

Technology's primary effect is to amplify human forces

Dataveillance

Massive electronic collection and distillation of consumer data

Click Stream

Electronic tracking of the choices we make when we are online

Cookies

An identifying code, added to a computer hard drive by a visited website

Spyware

Identifying code placed on a computer by a website without permission

Real-Time Bidding

The practice of buying and selling ads in real time on a per-impression basis in an instant auction

Selective Exposure

People attend to some messages and not others according to deliberate decision process

Echo Chamber

An environment in which peoples already existing beliefs are repeated and reinforced

Confrontation Bias

People are influenced by information that supports their already existing beliefs

Fake News

Intentionally and verifiably false internet news stories designed to be spread and to deceive

Misinformation

Mere falsehoods

Disinformation

Falsehoods designed to achieve a political goal

Truth Decay

The diminishing role of facts and analysis in political life

Techlash

a strong reaction against the major technology companies, as a result of concerns about their power, users' privacy, the possibility of political manipulation etc

Trend/Strategies in Film

Blockbuster Mentality: Spider-Man; Barbie
Concept Films
Audience Research
IP-Based Film: Diary of a Wimpy Kid
Sequels, Remakes, and Franchise: Pitch Perfect 2
Television, Cosmic Book, or Video Game Remakes: Scooby-Doo; Mario Bros
Merchanchise Tie-Ins: Despicable Me
Product Placement

How are Video Games different from other?

Rules
Interactivity
Self-Presentation

AIDA

Attention, Interest, Desire, Action

USP

Unique, Selling, Proposition

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

physiological, safety, social and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs

Cable Networks

Plug into TV with many channels; more risky visual/audio

Broadcast Networks

Piped from tower to homes; big audience

Cord-Cutting

Viewers leaving cable altogether and relying on the Internet- only television

Cord-Never

Viewers who never had cable TV

Compatibility Principle

- Put the stuff where and when the audience wants it
- The content matches the average person's day
- Maximizing the viewers

Habit Formation Principle

- Become a regular part of someone's daily routine
- The same program is offered every day

Hammock

Two shows that are between one bad show

Tentpole

Successful shows but the one show in the middle brings up the others

First-Run Syndication

Original shows aired in different areas of the world

Off-Network Syndication

- Selling (reruns) that originally weren't shown
- Traditionally off the air
- Goal to make more money

Control of Flow

Block Programming
- Content similar times similar
Counter Programming
- Shows that counter the original show

Mass/Breadath of Appeal

Get everyone in the household interested