chem reaction types/patterns

Double Replacement

AB + CD → AD + CB

Acid/Base Neutralization

Acid + Base → Water + Salt; double replacement

Precipitation

Solution + Solution → Insoluble Salt + Solution; double replacement

CO₂ Formation

Any CO₃^2- or HCO₃^- + Acid → Solution + CO₂ + H₂O; double replacement

NH₃ Formation

Any NH₄⁺ salt + Strong base → Solution + NH₃ + H₂O; double replacement

SO₂ Formation

Any SO₃^2- salt + acid → Solution + SO₂ + H₂O

H₂CO₃ →

CO₂ + H₂O

NH₄OH →

NH₃ + H₂O

H₂SO₃ →

SO₂ + H₂O

Oxidizing Agent

The ion/molecule gaining electrons, allowing for something else to be oxidized

Reducing Agent

The ion/molecule losing electrons, allowing for something else to be reduced.

Synthesis

A + B → AB

Decomposition

AB → A + B

Electrolysis

Breaks down compound into pure elemental forms. Uses electricity to drive non-spontaneous rxn; type of decomposition

Single Replacement

A + BC → AC + B

Metal Replacement

metal 1 + metal 2 compound → metal 1 compound + metal 2; only occurs if metal 1 is lower than metal 2 on the SRPC; single replacement

Hydrogen Replacement

only occurs with H₂O if metal is below H₂O on SRPC; forms H₂ + 2OH^-. occurs with H⁺ (actual acid like HCl) if metal is below H⁺ on SRPC; forms H₂

Unreactive Metals

Unreactive metal + OxyAcid → Nonmetallic oxide gas + H₂O + salt; only occurs with nitric and sulfuric acid.

Combustion

compound with a non-metal + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O (if compound has C and H in it); product side will always form a non-metallic oxide (+4:-4) oxidation # ratio and a secondary product (+2:-2)

metal oxides + non-metallic oxide →

yield a salt;synthesis

metal oxide + water →

yield a metal hydroxide;synthesis

nonmetal oxide + water →

yield an acid;synthesis

metal chlorates →

yield metal chlorides + O₂;decomposition

metal carbonates →

yield metal oxide + CO₂;decomposition