Exercise and Sport Psychology - Test 1

we must lock in

the scientific study of people and their behavior in sport and exercise contexts

What is sport psychology?

Systematic, controlled, empirical, critical

Four aspects of exercise and sport psych

Research, teaching, service, consulting

4 responsibilities of Education sport psychologists

psychophysiological

believe best way to study behavior is examining the physiological processes of the brain and its influences on physical activity

cognitive

approach that emphasizes the athletes thoughts and behaviors, believing them to be central in determining one’s behavior

Social psychological

approach believing behavior is determined by complex interaction b/w environment and personal makeup of athlete

developmental

approach concerning how people develop over the course of their life

psychodynamic

approach that emphasizes the interplay between unconscious and conscious motivation

Norman triplett

key figure in sport psychology that discovered social facilitation through the cyclist test, finding that cyclists would speed up accordingly when they see and or anticipate the crowd cheering

Coleman Griffith

Father of sport psychology in North America, first sport psych lab at U of Illinois, 1st sport psychologist to work with pro teams, Stanford football + chicago cubs

Bruce Ogilvie

Father of applied sport psycholoy, wrote Personality - Problem Athletes and how to handle them

Rainer Martens

Father of Modern sport Psychology, Human Kinetics Publishing, wrote social psychology and physical activity

the characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a person unique

definition of personality by Weinberg and Gould, 2007

all the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs form that of others especially in social situations

definition of personality by Kalat, 1999

psychological core

the most basic and deepest attitudes, values, interests, motives, and self-worth of a person - the “real” person

typical responses

the way one typically adjusts or responds to the environment

Role related behavior

how one acts in a particular social situation

psychodynamic, trait, situational, interactional

4 approaches to understanding personality

psychodynamic

approach on personality by sigmund freud with examination of whole person vs isolated traits on unconscious motives

id, unconscious - instinctive drives ego - conscious, logical superego - conscience, internalized moral standards

3 personality components and definitions of the psychodynamic approach

Trait

approach that regards behavior to be determined by relatively stable traits, predisposition to act in a certain way, regardless of the situation

neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness

Big Five Trait model of personality components

situational

approach concerning personality that believes that behavior is determined largely by situation or environment, people behave according to how they learned, eg. bobo doll experiment, situations matter, traits dont

Interactional

an approach that blends both the situational and trait approach to form a complex interaction that depends on both the traits of a person as well as the situation that they are in

no single definitive personality profile has found that consistently distinguishes athletes from non-athletes

athletes vs. non athletes in terms of personality? males vs. females?

successful ahtletes exhibit greater positive mental health than less successful

morgan’s mental health model shows that

energy, direction, persistence

aspects of behavior activation and intention

intrinsic, extrinsic, amotivation

Three broad forms of motivation according to the self-determination theory (SDT)

extrinsic motivation

underlies the performance of an activity to attain an outcome separable from the inherent experiential satisfactions of the activity itself.

tangible rewards, social status, social pressures, functional outcomes, coercive stimuli

people participate due to extrinsic motivation when they anticipate

extrinsic

most of what people do is due to _____ motivation

a theory that assumes intrinsic motivation is inherent and will flourish if circumstances permit, not concerned with what causes it, but rather what grows / diminishes it

Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET)

need for competence and autonomy (self determination is autonomy)

two innate drives of intrinsic actions according to CET

contexts characterized by a sense of security and relatedness, at least one person is enough

a third drive for IM based on the CET

informational and controlling

two critical perceptual aspects of rewards based on the CET

informational aspects

Rewards that increase the _______ aspect and provide positive feedback about competence increase intrinsic motivation (trophies, test scores), whereas rewards/events that suggest the person is not competent decrease intrinsic motivation (e.g., consolation prizes, participation ribbons).

controlling aspects

Rewards perceived as ________ decrease intrinsic motivation, whereas rewards/events that contribute to an internal locus of causality increase intrinsic motivation.

Organismic integration theory

a subtheory of the self-determination theory that focuses on the different kinds of extrinsic motivation. framework within Self-Determination Theory that describes how motivation exists on a continuum from amotivation (lack of motivation) to intrinsic motivation, with different types of extrinsic motivation in between.

intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified, introjected, external, amotivation ( the middle four are extrinsic)

motivation ranked from high to low self determination

amotivation

lacking the intention to act

external regulation

action performed to satisfy external demand or reward, coercion or tangible rewards

introjected regulation

Taking in a regulation but not fully accepting it as one’s own. E.g., behaviors performed to avoid guilt or anxiety or to attain ego enhancement. ex. spraying the weeds for di, premature return to sport to avoid letting team down

Identified Regulation

conscious valuing of behavioral goal, action is accepted as personally important. but activity may not be pleasant in itself, eg. training for a marathon

integrated regulation

indentified regulations have become fully assimilated to the self, evaluated and brought into congruence with one’s other values and needs, but still perfomed for outcomes separable to the inherent enjoyment of activity eg. working out, running

TARGET, tasks, authority(autonomy), rewards, grouping, evaluation, timing

acronym mastery environments to foster intrinsic motivation