Terms list 7 and 8

Cell body (soma)

2

mitochondria of axon

Produces energy for the cell

Nissl bodies

Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons

Dendrites

1

Axon: Unmyelinated

4

Axon Hillock

3

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Produce myelin in the central nervous system

Myelin sheath

Insulating layer around axons

Nodes of Ranvier

3

Schwann cells (PNS) = internode

5

Telodendria

5

Synaptic knobs (ends of telodendria)

Enlarged structures that release neurotransmitters

Synapse

Junction between two neurons

Synaptic vesicles

3

Neurotransmitter

Chemical messenger that transmits signals between neurons

Spinal Nerve

Anterior (ventral) root

Contains motor neurons

Posterior (dorsal) root

Contains sensory neurons

Posterior (dorsal) root ganglion

Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

Anterior median fissure

Posterior median sulcus

Central canal

Contains cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal cord

Gray matter

Inside of spinal cord, outside of brain

Anterior horn

Contains cell bodies of motor neurons in the spinal cord

Lateral horn

Contains cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons in the spinal cord

Posterior horn

Contains axons of sensory neurons in the spinal cord

White matter

outside of spine, inside of brain

Anterior white column (funiculus)

Posterior white column (funiculus)

Lateral white column (funiculus)

Pia mater (spine)

Subarachnoid space (spine)

Arachnoid mater (spine)

Subdural space (spine)

(space)

Dura mater (spine)

Outermost layer of the meninges in the spinal cord

Epidural space (contains fat) (spine)

Cranial Meninges

Protective layers around the brain

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Middle layer of the cranial meninges

Subdural space

(space)

Subarachnoid mater

Arachnoid trabeculae

Pia mater

Cerebrum (Two Cerebral Hemispheres)

Cerebral cortex

Ventricles

Fluid-filled cavities in the brain

Lateral ventricles

Cerebral aqueduct

Third ventricle

Fourth ventricle

Choroid plexus

Produces cerebrospinal fluid

Fornix

Epithalamus

contains the pineal gland

Pineal gland

Produces melatonin

Thalamus

Interthalamic adhesion

Hypothalamus

Infundibulum

Pituitary gland

Produces and releases hormones

Optic chiasm

Brain Stem

Connects the brain and spinal cord

Pons

Medulla oblongata

Frontal lobe

Part of the cerebrum responsible for decision making and motor control

Parietal lobe

Part of the cerebrum responsible for sensory processing

Central sulcus

Precentral gyrus

Primary motor cortex located in the frontal lobe

Postcentral gyrus

Primary sensory cortex located in the parietal lobe

Lateral sulcus

Groove that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

Temporal lobe

Part of the cerebrum responsible for auditory processing and memory

Occipital lobe

Part of the cerebrum responsible for visual processing

Insula

deep to temporal lobe

Corpus Callosum

Septum pellucidum

Thin membrane that separates the lateral ventricles

central canal (brain model)

Cerebellum

Arbor vitae

I olfactory- smell

II optic- sight

III oculomotor- moves eye

IV trochlear- moves eye

V trigeminal- face sensation

VI abducens- moves eye

VII facial- moves face, salivate

VIII vestibulocochlear- hearing, balance

IX glossopharyngeal- taste, swallow

X vagus- heart rate, digestion

XI accessory- moves head

XII hypoglossal- moves tongue

Auricle (OR pinna)

External auditory canal OR external acoustic meatus

Tympanic membrane

Middle ear

Cavity between the eardrum and inner ear

Pharyngotympanic tube

Connects middle eat to throat

Auditory Ossicles

Three small bones in the middle ear

Malleus

Incus

Stapes—connects to oval window

Semicircular canals

Fluid-filled canals in the inner ear for balance

Vestibule

Part of the inner ear for balance