ACCEPTING OTHERS IS NOT TO IMPOSE ON OTHERS

JOHN STUART MILL

ON LIBERTY BY ____________

JOHN STUART MILL

• A liberal classical economist, Mill was an advocate of individual rights, progressive social policies, and utilitarianism, which promotes actions that do "the greatest good for the greatest number."

• One of the proponents of the ethical philosophy of Utilitarianism.

• LIBERTY OF THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS

• LIBERTY OF TASTES AND PURSUITS

• LIBERTY WITHIN THE SAME LIMITS

• LIBERTY OF THOUGHT AND DISCUSSION

TYPES OF LIBERTY

LIBERTY OF THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS

Absolute freedom of opinion and sentiment on all subjects. The liberty of expressing and publishing opinions may seem to fall under a different principle, since it belongs to that part of the conduct of an individual which concerns other people; but, being almost as much importance as the liberty of thought itself, and resting in great part on the same reasons, it is practically inseparable from it.

LIBERTY OF TASTES AND PURSUITS

Framing the plan of our life to suit our own character: of doing as we like, subject to such consequences as may follow; without impediment from our fellow-creatures, so long as what we do does not harm them, even though they should think our conduct foolish, perverse, or wrong.

LIBERTY WITHIN THE SAME LIMITS

Of combination among individuals; freedom to unite, for any purpose not involving harm to others: the persons combining being supposed to be of full age, and not forced or deceived.

LIBERTY OF THOUGHT AND DISCUSSION

Mill argues in favor of freedom of speech in the vast majority of situations, barring a few key exceptions such as when an individual incites immediate violence. Mill deals with three cases of free speech: one in which the suppressed opinion is true, one in which it is partly true, and, lastly, one in which it is wholly false.

PRINCIPLE OF PATERNALISM

LEGAL MORALISM

OTHER PRINCIPLES OF LIBERTY

PRINCIPLE OF PATERNALISM

• In modern philosophy and jurisprudence, it is to act for the good of another person without that person's consent, as parents do for children. It is controversial because its end is benevolent, and its means coercive. Paternalists advance people's interests (such as life, health, or safety) at the expense of their liberty.

• Whenever the state acts to protect people from themselves, it seeks their good; but by doing so through criminal law, it does so coercively, often against their will.

LEGAL MORALISM

• A view that the law can legitimately be used to prohibit behaviors that conflict with society's collective moral judgments even when those behaviors do not result in physical or psychological harm to others.

• A person's freedom can legitimately be restricted simply because it conflicts with society's collective morality; thus, legal moralism implies that it is permissible for the state to use its coercive power to enforce society's collective morality.

JOHN STUART MILL

"A PERSON MAY CAUSE EVIL TO OTHERS NOT ONLY BY HIS ACTIONS BUT BY HIS INACTION, AND IN EITHER CASE, HE IS JUSTLY ACCOUNTABLE TO THEM FOR THE INJURY."