APUSH Unit 2 Vocab

John Cabot

John Cabot

an Italian navigator and explorer. His 1497 voyage to the coast of North America is the earliest- known European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century

Act of Tolerance

act of Parliament granting freedom of worship to Nonconformists It was one of a series of measures that firmly established the Glorious Revolution (1688–89) in England

Roger Williams

a Puritan minister, English Reformed theologian, and Reformed Baptist who founded the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

Anne Hutchison

a Puritan spiritual adviser. Her strong religious convictions were at odds with the established Puritan clergy in the Boston area, and her popularity and charisma helped create a theological schism that threatened to destroy the Puritans' religious community in New England

William Penn

an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker, and founder of the English North American colony the Province of Pennsylvania

Jamestown

settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas

Captain John Smith

an English soldier, explorer, colonial governor, Admiral of New England, and author. He played an important role in the establishment of the colony at Jamestown.

Pocahontas

a Native American woman notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia

Plymouth Colony

an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 to 1691. The first settlement of this colony was at a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith

Pilgrims

early European settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States

Mayflower

an English ship that famously transported the first English Puritans, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England to the New World in 1620

Massachusetts Bay Colony

an English settlement on the east coast of America around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies

Puritans

members of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship

Thomas Hooker

Puritan colonial leader, who founded the Colony of Connecticut after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts

Mayflower Compact

the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. The male passengers of the Mayflower consisting of separatist Puritans, adventurers, and tradesmen wrote it

Virginia Company

an English trading company chartered by King James I on 10 April 1606 with the object of colonizing the eastern coast of America

Chesapeake Colonies

were the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, later the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Province of Maryland, later Maryland, both colonies located in British America and centered on the Chesapeake Bay. Settlements of the Chesapeake region grew slowly due to diseases such as malaria

Triangular Trade

slave trade that operated from the late 16th to early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers

Navigation Acts

1651, aimed primarily at the Dutch, required all trade between England and the colonies to be carried in English or colonial vessels, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch War in 1652

Mercantilism

an economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy, profitable trading

Glorious Revolution

also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange, who was James's nephew and son-in-law

King Philip’s War

an armed conflict in 1675–78 between American Indian inhabitants of the New England region of North America versus New England colonists and their Indian allies

Bacon’s Rebellion

armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley

Indentured servants

a form of labor in which a person is contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years

Benjamin Franklin

one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, humorist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat

Poor Richard’s Almanac

a yearly almanac published by Benjamin Franklin. The publication appeared continually from 1732 to 1758. It sold exceptionally well for a pamphlet published in the American colonies

Phillis Wheatley

was the first published African-American female poet. The publication of her Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral (1773) brought her fame both in England and the American colonies

Great Awakening

a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its Thirteen Colonies between the 1730s and 1740s

George Whitefield

an Anglican cleric and evangelist who traveled to North America, where he preached a series of revivals that became part of the "Great Awakening". His methods were controversial, and he engaged in numerous debates and disputes with other clergymen

Cotton Mather

a socially and politically influential New England Puritan minister, and prolific author.  He left a scientific legacy due to his hybridization experiments and his promotion of inoculation for disease prevention

Subsistence farming

a self-sufficiency farming system in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their entire families

Huguenots

a French Protestant of the 16th–17th centuries. Largely Calvinist, suffered severe persecution at the hands of the Catholic majority

John Peter Zenger

a German printer and journalist in New York City. Zenger printed The New York Weekly Journal

Andrew Hamilton

a Scottish lawyer in the Thirteen Colonies.  was best known for his legal victory on behalf of the printer and newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger

Enlightenment

an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century