World Christian Final

He was America's first venture into overseas missions

Adoniram Judson

Steven Moore's Good Samaritan formula

proximity + urgency + capacity = responsibility

How would people live if they didn't believe in heaven?

self-centered society; fear of death; focus on the here and now

spectrum of Muslim contextualization

C1: Traditional Church using Outsider* Language. May be Orthodox, Catholic, or Protestant. Some predate Islam. Thousands of C1 churches are found in Muslim lands today. Many reflect Western culture. A huge cultural chasm often exists between the church and the surrounding Muslim community. Some Muslim background believers may be found in C1 churches. C1 believers call themselves "Christians."
C2: Traditional Church using Insider* Language. Essentially the same as C1 except for language. Though insider language is used, religious vocabulary is probably non-Islamic (distinctively "Christian"). The cultural gap between Muslims and C2 is still large. Often more Muslim background believers are found in C2 than in C1. The majority of churches located in the Muslim world today are C1 or C2. C2 believers call themselves "Christians."
C3: Contextualized Christ-Centered Communities using Insider Language and Religiously Neutral Insider Cultural Forms. Religiously neutral forms may include folk music, ethnic dress, artwork, and so on. Islamic elements (where present) are "filtered out" so as to use purely contextualized "cultural forms." The aim is to reduce the foreignness of the gospel and the church by contextualizing to biblically permissible cultural forms. C3 congregations may meet in a church building or more religiously neutral location and compose a majority of Muslim-background believers. C3 believers call themselves "Christians."
C4: Contextualized Christ-Centered Communities using Insider Language and Biblically Permissible Cultural and Islamic Forms.
C5: Christ-Centered Communities of "Messianic Muslims" Who Have Accepted Jesus as Lord and Savior. C5 believers remain legally and socially within the community of Islam.
C6: Small Christ-Centered Communities of Secret/Underground Believers

Universalism

Acceptance that truth may be found in all religions

Wider Hope

Not all will be saved, but many who have not heard of Christ will be saved because God is just and will not condemn the sincere seeker after truth

The Great Century of Protestant Missions

1800s (19th century)

He was sold as a slave when he was a small boy

Patrick

Synagogue

Jewish house of worship

Diaspora

the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel

The "Father of Modern Missions"

William Carey

His missionary recruits had no set salary

Hudson Taylor

He suffered torture and imprisonment

Adoniram Judson

He studied medicine but evangelism was his goal

Hudson Taylor

His wife was "wholly deranged"

William Carey (wife Dorothy)

He initiated missionary outreach in Burma

Adoniram Judson

He worked as a missionary to India

William Carey

He wrote a very unusual proposal letter

Adoniram Judson

He wore Chinese clothing and even a pigtail

Hudson Taylor

The traditional view and the path of wisdom

Commands are obedience and God gives freedom and wisdom so trust God
commands- obedience
no commands- God gives freedom and responsibility and God gives wisdom
choose what is moral and wise; then trust God

The three wills of God

Sovereign Will- God's secret plan that determines everything that happens in the universe.

Moral Will- God's revealed commands in the Bible that teach how men ought to believe and live.

Individual Will- God's ideal, detailed life-plan uniquely designed for each person.

The "Watch Maker" analogy

ontological argument (??)

Theodicy

a vindication of divine justice in the face of the existence of evil

The cosmological argument

an argument for the existence of God that claims that all things in nature depend on something else for their existence (i.e., are contingent), and that the whole cosmos must therefore itself depend on a being that exists independently or necessarily.

The anthropological argument

The idea that man's consistent yearning for a god throughout history & cultures proves the existence of God.

The teleological argument

the argument for the existence of God from the evidence of order, and hence design, in nature.

The design argument

If something exists that is designed, then it has a designer

Missio Dei

Mission of God

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

Syncretism

a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith

The Three-Self Formula

-Self governing
-Self propagating
-Self supporting

The question at the heart of culture

What is real?

The three most influential world views in America

Atheism, Pantheism, Theism

Incarnation

God becoming man

The kenotic nature of Jesus' ministry

jesus is fully human and fully god

Is culture inherited?

no, it is learned, modified, and passed on

Culture shock

the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions about life

Reverse culture shock

psychological process of readapting to one's home culture

Going native

the researcher becomes a part of the culture and loses the ability to observe clearly

The number of ethnic groups in Nigeria

250

E-Scale

compares the cultural distances that Christians need to move in order to communicate the Gospel

P-Scale

helps compare the cultural distances that potential believers need to move in order to join the nearest church

Cultural hermeneutics

The study of principles and methods for interpreting culture

1) the world-________, 2) the world-___ and 3) the world-____________________.

1. behind the text
2. in front of the text
3. of the text

Cultural texts

popular culture messages whether television shows, movies, advertisements, or other widely disseminated messages

The best way to understand a culture

live it

Definition of paternalism

Habitually doing things for people that they can do for themselves

The types of paternalism that were discussed in class

1. Resource
2. Spiritual
3. Knowledge
4. Labor
5. Managerial

The most important task related to the sending function of the Church

keeping the vision of outreach and mission before the congregation

The role of churches in missions

fountainhead of missionary training, chief guardians of character formation, chief venue for ministry experience

One of the most significant challenges that any church faces in global missions

how to balance the portfolio of its involvements

The heart of the missionary enterprise

church planting

Why the challenge to missionary wholeness is so challenging

they are ordinary human beings, while the pressures on them are out of the ordinary

Missionary burnout

The state of emotional, physical, and/or spiritual exhaustion that makes the missionary unable to carry out his or her work

What lies behind every act of communication?

persuasion or influence

The most important ability in communication for the missionary

building trust

high-context culture

people rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when communicating with others

low-context cultures

cultures that rely heavily on words to convey meaning in communication

Mono-chronic cultures

culture in which time is seen as linear, with one event happening at a time

poly-chronic cultures

people accomplish many different things at once

Individualism

giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

collectivism

giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly

The consensus view of raising support

presenting your vision to individuals and churches

When STM projects peaked

80s and 90s

The tentmaking skill that has grown the most

Teaching English

Holistic missions

The Church's proclaiming of God's kingdom focusing on the righteousness, justice, and peace that God wants for all peoples of the earth, a framework for integrating evangelism and societal transformation.

Recent trends in contemporary missions

being sent our directly by churches instead of agencies

Advantages of multicultural teams

greater contextualization, multiple languages

The primary reality that missionaries must face

rapid change

Why STMs are so popular?

accessibility (??)

The projected popularity of STMs

The short-term missions movement will likely be around for a long time

The percentage of evangelicals from the majority world

75%

The role that missionaries played in previous generations

Apologist

The biggest challenge the church will face in the future

world religions

1 Corinthians 9:22

To the weak I became weak, to win the weak. I have become all things to all men so that by all possible means I might save some.

Acts 15:1-2

Some men came down from Judea to Antioch and were teaching the brothers: "Unless you are circumcised, according to the custom taught by Moses, you cannot be saved." This brought Paul and Barnabas into sharp dispute and debate with them. So Paul and Barnabas were appointed, along with some other believers, to go up to Jerusalem to see the apostles and elders about this question.

Acts 10:28

He said to them: "You are well aware that it is against our law for a Jew to associate with a Gentile or visit him. But God has shown me that I should not call any man impure or unclean.

Matthew 20:26-27

Not so with you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first must be your slave.

1 John 3:17

If anyone has material possessions and sees his brother in need but has no pity on him, how can the love of God be in him?

2 Thessalonians 3:10

For even when we were with you, we gave you this rule: "If a man will not work, he shall not eat."

Matthew 24:14

And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come.

Matthew 16:1-3

He replied, "When evening comes, you say, 'It will be fair weather, for the sky is red,' and in the morning, 'Today it will be stormy, for the sky is red and overcast.' You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but you cannot interpret the signs of the times.

Matthew 22:37-39

Jesus replied: " 'Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.' This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: 'Love your neighbor as yourself.'

James 2:15-17

Suppose a brother or sister is without clothes and daily food. If one of you says to him, "Go, I wish you well; keep warm and well fed," but does nothing about his physical needs, what good is it? In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead.

Matthew 10:32-33

"Whoever acknowledges me before men, I will also acknowledge him before my Father in heaven. But whoever disowns me before men, I will disown him before my Father in heaven.

Matthew 19:29

And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or fields for my sake will receive a hundred times as much and will inherit eternal life.

Matthew 5:16

In the same way, let your light shine before men, that they may see your good deeds and praise your Father in heaven.