Health & PE Praxis (5758) Praxis Core 5712 - Reading Main Concepts W/ Some Practice Questions And answers

Imaginary Audience

The tendency of adolescents to imagine they are always being scrutinized by others is best describeds as:

The Imaginary Audience

the concept of the imaginary audience is a stage in human development when adolescents falsely assume that their appearance and behavior is constantly viewed by and under the scrutiny of others.

The definition of the use of a behavior management intervention for a health class

According to the American Federation of Teachers (AFT), in behavior management intervention a teacher should assist in stopping a behavior after it develops.

describe the use of behavior management intervention for a health class.

Assisting to stop a behavior after it develops

What 2 Federal agencies are responible for creating and updating the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services.

What publication will you find articles appraising the health of school children?

American School Health Association

What is an example of a long-term mental and emotional health consequence of child abuse and neglect?

Thoughts of suicide

List 5 Steps in the decision making process?

Identify the decision to be made

List possible decisions and share with an adult

evaluate alternatives and possible consequences

decide which decision is most appropriate

act on the decision and evaluate

why should you request a signed consent form from a parent/ guardian of a student going on a sport, adventure field trip?

shows the teacher that the parent knows the activity is planned and does not object

The line along which the pulling force of a muscle acts at a joint can be considered a vector and resolved into which of the following pairs of components?

vertical and horizontal

What are the characteristics of mature execution of a basketball jump shot?

Ball is positioned on the finger pads

Knees slightly flexed

Non-shooting hand supporting the ball

shooting hand, elbow and shoulder aligned with the target

What is the human body's center of gravity is a point that

can be within or outside the body, depending on the body posture

What is the most effective method of training to develop exposive leg strength in jumpers in field events

Plyometric

Effective instructional feedback provided verbally to students by a teacher in physical education class helps develop which of the following?

Skill acquistion

which of the following is the most effective and appropriate assessment to use to evluate the development of a student's fitness level throughout the school year?

Portfolio assessment

what is the pattern of a mature overhand throw?

In a mature sequence, the shoulder and upper arm lead, then the forearm, wrist, and ball follow when one is throwing overhand.

when is the whole learning approach most appropriate when teaching a skill?

when the risk of a student being injured is low.

Definition of a spiral curriculum

Spiral curriculum is a technique that teaches students the same information but with increasing complexity throughout their academic acareer. This reinforces previous learning and solidifies skills for students.

defining feature of a spiral curriculum?

students will see how dribbling a basketball correctly relates to traveling violations

definitiion of integration

how learning matters within a student's life and broader education (make it relevant)

name the layers of the epidermis

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Lucidum

Stratum Granuloseum

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Basale

what is the outer most layer of the skin?

Epidermis

which stratum layer is only found on soles of feet, palms of hand

Stratum Lucidum

what is the deepest layer in the epidermis called

stratum basale, or basal layer

what cells are located in the stratum basale & what do they do?

Melanoctyes, produce a pigment melanin

what does melanin do?

determines the skin color of an individual, the more melanin produced the darker skin., melanin is produced to protect the skin from cancer.

where does the keratinocytes origninate?

in the stratum basale, as these cells mature and age they move from the deepest layer (basale) to the surface of the stratum corneum.

what is a corneocyte

Are the keratinocytes that have moved to the stratum corneum, and are the cells that are shed off the skin.

Kerantinocytes also take up what?

Melanin

what purpose do the Merkel cells serve?

cells that are important in the sensation of touch

Squamous Cells

really flat cells located in the epidermous

name 4 types of skin cancers?

squamous cell carcinoma

merkel cell carcinoma

basalcell carcinoma

melanoma

all caused due to overexposure to ultraviolent light from the sun.

Dermis

middle layer of skin

what seperates the epidermis from the dermis?

basement membrane

what purpose does the basement membrane serve?

thin sheet of tissue that anchors down the dermis to deeper layers of skin.

what protien is located in the dermis

collagen

what is the deepest layer of the skin called

subcutis or subcutaneous layer, also can be called hypodermis, located right below the dermis

term that means below the skin,

subcutaneous or hypodermis

another name for body fat?

Adipose Tissue

Name the 3 layers of the skin.

Epidermis (outer most layer)

Dermis (middle layer)

Subcutis (innermost layer)

Name 5 basic movement patterns (most basic)

weightlifting, yoga, team sports, running & gymnastics

definition of a grind

slow movement pattern

defitiion of ballistics

faster or high movement pattern

a rotation is a clockwise while counter rotation is considered a

counter clockwise rotation.

Name 9 basic movements

push exercises (verticle & horizontal)

pull (verticle & horizontal)

twists

lunges

squatting

gait

pressing

rotations

hip movements

In the digestive system, what releases liquefied food and gastric juices from the stomach a little bit at a time into the first section of the small intestine?

Pyloric Sphincter

what is the first section of the small intestine called?

Duodenum

what does the pancreas secrete?

Water and bicarbonate,

bicarbonate

nutrelizes acid

what is another name for Fats

lipids

What does Lipase do?

an enzyme that breaks down lipids into monoglycerides & fatty acids.

the Liver produces what___________, and where is it stored?

Bile, in gall bladder

Lower digestive system is broken down into 3 parts:

Duodenum (first section)

Jejunum

ileum

Villi are

finger like projections of the small intestine epithelium. they increase the absorptive surface area

what is the process of Peristalsis

slow, rhythmic contraction of the smooth muscle in the intestinal wall, moves the digested food through the small intestine.

what are carbohydrates broken down into?

monosaccharides

what are protiens broken down into?

Amino Acids

what are lipids or fats broken down into?

fatty acids and monoglycerides

what are the absortive portions of the small intestines?

Jejunum & ileum

large intestine is also now as the ?

colon

Name examples of environmental influences?

the way a person is rased, level of attachment, beliefs, values and how much attention one is given.

two factors prevelent in gender differences:

Nature (heredity & Nurture (environmental)

what is energy conservation?

saving energy by reducing a service. cut back on usage

What is energy efficiency?

saving energy but keeping the same level of service.

energy conservation is ______ and energy efficiency is______

cutting back, replacing with effective replacement.

Keratinocytes

cells that eventually die to conprise the majority of stratum corneum

keratinocytes take up and store what?

Melanin

definition of Nutrient content claims

indicate the nutritional value of the food

definition of Health claims

simple statements that describe the relationship between the nutrients contained in the food and a health condition. approved by FDA

health claims must be approved by what government agency

FDA, Food & Drug Administration

What is the 5/20 rule?

foods with DV closer to 5% it is not a good source of. closer to 20% it is. For bad foods stay closer to 5%.

National Standards for Physical Education (NASPE), how many are there?

6 Standards.

1. demonstrate competency in motor skills & movement patterns needed to preform a variety of physical activities.

2. demonstrate understanding of movement concepts, principales, strateies & tactics as they apply to the learning and preformance of physical activities.

3. participates regularly in physical activity.

4. Achieves & maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness.

5. Exhibits responsible personal & social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings.

6. Values physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression, and/or social interaction.

Individual w/ Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Legislation identified physical education as a curriculum area that is to be provided for ALL children w/ disabilities.

anaerobic respiration

w/o oxygen

(short duration, high intensity)

glucose=lactic acid + energy

Aerobic Respiration

w/ oxygen, (long duration & low intensity exercise)

Glucose+ oxygen= carbon dioxide + water + energy

what is the definition of a somatotype?

Physical type of humans

Physique

Name the 3 defining somatotypes

Endomorph ( dumpy, fat)

Mesomorph (muscular)

ectomorph (tall & thin)

6 Basic Nutrients

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

Minerals

Vitamins

Water

5 Components of the FitnessGram

Aerobic Capacity

Muscular Strength

Muscular Endurance

Flexibility

Body Composition

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), monitors 6 standards, what are they?

1. behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence

2. sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy & sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV

3. Alcohol & drug use

4. Tobacco Use

5 Unhealthy dietary behaviors

6 Inadequate physical activity.

YRBSS also measures the prevalence of obesity & asthma among youth and young adults.

National Institue of Health (NIH)

Centers for Disease and Control (CDC)

Protect public health & safety through the control & prevention of disease, injury & disability. Special focus on infectious disease, food borne pathogens, environmental health, occupational safety and health, health promotion.

American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD)

mission to promote & support leadership, research, education & best practices to support creative, healthy and active lifestyles.

American Medical Association (AMA)

promote are and science of medicine and betterment of public health.

World Health Organization (WHO)

agency of United Nations (UN) concerned w/ international public health.

Name the fat soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K

Name the water soluble vitamins

B and C

Isometric Exercise

exercise in which muscle does not contract

Isotonic exercise

exercise when contracting muscle shortens against a constant load.

Definitiion of the Thoracic Cavity

section of body encased by the rib cage and separated fro the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm. T

what is encased in the Thoracic cavity

lungs, heart and esophogas

Upper respiratory system

nose, mouth, pharynx

lower respiratory system

larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

conducting zone

moves everything from the nose to the smallest bronchioles, moves air in and out of the lungs.

respiratory zone

moves the respirotory gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide) from lungs into the blood (into and out of the blood)

benefits of the conducting zone?

Like a tree, conducting zone branches into smaller tubes leading to respiratory zone. the conducting zone moves air into and out of the lungs. Other functions: cleans inspired air (like a filter), warms inspired air, adds water vapor to inspired air.

What are cilia?

tiny hair-like cellular appendages that extend from the epithelial cells lining the conducting zone.

4 chambers in the heart

top 2 Atria, lower 2 Ventricles

4 one way valves

Atrioventricular Valves separate the atria & ventricles, (lub sound when closing) semilunar valves, separate the ventricles from the blood vessels leaving the heart. (dub sound when closing)

blood follows 1 path

enters into right atrium, passively flows into the right ventricle, thru the AV valve (tricuspid valve)-then moves thru the (pulmonary semilunar valve), in lungs blood picks up oxygen and drops off Co2 (the pulmonary circuit). then returns to the left atrium flows thru the (Mitral Valve) to left ventricle, blood continues thru ventricle and out of the (Aortic semilunar valve) out the aorta to circulate to the cells of the body.