effects of institutionalisation

An institution is a place such as an orphanage or a hospital, dedicated to a particular task like…

looking after children awaiting adoption

An institution is a place where people…

live for long continuous periods of time

Institutionalisation is the effects of…

living in an institution setting

Some institutions don't provide…

adequate emotional care

Possible effects of institutionalisation:

social, mental and physical underdevelopment

Some of these effects may be…

irreversible

Link to Bowlby:
Maternal deprivation theory: institutionalisation is linked to deprivation of emotional care, leading to…

emotional and intellectual deficits

Link to Bowlby:
44 thieves study: many of thieves experienced institutionalisation compared to control group who experienced less… in early childhood

emotional deprivation

The English and Romanian Adoptees Project: (ERA)
Michael Rutters - longitudinal
Rutters' aim was to study the…

effects of institutionalisation

The English and Romanian Adoptees Project: (ERA)
Procedure:
165 Romanian children, institutionalised.
111 adopted before 2yrs, 54 adopted by age 4.
Adoptees tested at regular intervals (ages 4,6,11,15) to assess their…
Their progress was compared to control of 54 British children adopted before age…

physical, cognitive and social development, 6 months

The English and Romanian Adoptees Project: (ERA)
Findings:
At time of adoption, Romania adoptees lagged behind on physical, cognitive and social development.
The Romanians were physically…, weighed…, had learning…

smaller, less, disabilities

The English and Romanian Adoptees Project: (ERA)
Findings:
By age 4, some caught up with British adoptees.
Significant developmental differences in minority who were in institutions beyond age…
Many adopted after 6 months showed…

6 months, disinhibited attachments, problems with peer relationships, lower IQ

The English and Romanian Adoptees Project: (ERA)
Conclusion:
The longer children are in institutions, the more…

damage caused to their development

Advantages of longitudinal studies:

1. Trace developments over a…

2. High in…

3. By making comparisons over time, we can identify…

period of time, validity, causes

Disadvantages of longitudinal studies:

1. Problems keeping track of…

2. Change in population- sample's no longer…

3. Can be very…

sample, representative, expensive

AO3- Evaluation: strength

Real-world application

Early adoption during critical period to form secure attachments

Stable IWM

Therefore, positive…

applications

AO3- Evaluation: strength

Research support

Quinton (1984)- 50 women institution, 50 women raised at home

Institution = more parenting difficulties, more likely child in care

Therefore,…

supports

AO3- Evaluation: limitation

Can’t be generalised

Institutions = extreme conditions, severe neglect, lack of cognitive stimulation

Not representative of all institutions

Therefore, lacks…

validity

AO3- Evaluation: limitation

Wrongly implies effects = irreversible

Le More + Audet: by age 11, caught up in cognitive + social development

Physical underdevelopment improved

Therefore, effects not…

permanent