8.1 - Nervous Tissue

What function of the nervous system allows for receptors to detect stimuli and send sensory signals to spinal cord and brain?

Collect information

What function of the nervous system allows for the brain and spinal cord to determine response to sensory input?

Process and evaluate information

What function of the nervous system is when the brain and spinal send motor output via nerves to effectors?

Initiate response to information

The brain and spinal cord is in the CNS or PNS?

CNS

Nerves and ganglia are in the CNS or PNS?

PNS

Is the sensory nervous system efferent or afferent nervous system?

Afferent nervous system

Is the motor nervous system efferent or afferent nervous system?

Efferent nervous system

Does the somatic or visceral sensory system detect stimuli we consciously perceive?

Somatic nervous system

Does the somatic or visceral sensory system detect stimuli we typically do not perceive?

Visceral sensory system

Does the somatic or autonomic motor system send voluntary signals to skeletal muscles?

Somatic motor system

Does the somatic or autonomic motor system send involuntary commands to heart, smooth muscle, and glands?

Autonomic motor system

What are the bundle of parallel axons in the PNS?

nerve

What connective tissue wrapping of the nerve encloses the entire nerve and is a thick later of dense irregular connective tissue?

Epineurium

What connective tissue wrapping of the nerve wraps fascicle and layer of dense irregular connective tissue?

Perinerium

What connective tissue wrapping of the nerve wraps an individual axon and layer of areolar connective tissue?

Endoneurium

True or False: Nerves are vascularized

True

What is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS?

Ganglion

What characteristic of a neuron is its responsiveness to a stimulus?

Excitability

What characteristic of a neuron is its ability to propagate electrical signal?

Conductivity

What characteristic of a neuron is its ability to release neurotransmitter in response to conductive activity?

Secretion

What characteristic of a neuron allows the cell to live throughout a person’s lifetime?

Extreme longevity

Do axons carry nerve signals towards or away from the soma/cell body?

away

Is anterograde or retrograde transport moving material from cell body?

Anterograde transport

Is anterograde or retrograde transport moving material to cell body?

Retrograde transport

Which neurons conduct input from somatic and visceral receptors to CNS?

Sensory neurons

Most sensory neurons are what structural classification?

Unipolar

Which neurons conduct output from CNS to somatic and visceral effectors?

Motor neurons

All motor neurons are what structural classification?

Multipolar

Which neurons receive, process, and integrate information from many other neurons?

Interneurons

What is the place where a neuron connects to another neuron or an effector?

Synapse

What are nonexcitable support cells found in CNS and PNS?

Glial cells

What type of glial cells helps form blood-brain barrier by wrapping feet around brain capillaries?

Astrocytes

What type of glial cell lines cavities in brain and spinal cord?

Ependymal cells

What type of glial cells are part of the choroid plexus which produces cerebrospinal fluid?

Ependymal cells

What type of glial cell wander CNS and replicate in infection?

Microglia

What type of glial cells are extensions that wrap around axons of CNS neurons forming myelin sheath?

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

What glial cells of the PNS electrically insulate and regulate the exchange of nutrients and wastes?

Satellite cells

What glial cells of the PNS allows for faster action potential propagation?

Schwann cells

Are Schwann cells the glia in CNS or PNS?

PNS

Are oligodendrocytes the glia in CNS or PNS?

CNS

What disorders are when oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths in the CNS deteriorate?

Multiple sclerosis

What disorders is the loss of myelin from peripheral nerves due to inflammation?

Guillain-Barré syndrome

What disorders is abnormal accumulation of lipid in the myelin sheath?

Tay–Sachs disease

What needs to happen for regeneration of a damaged peripheral nerve fiber?

Soma is intact and at lease some schwann cells remain

What is it called when muscle breaks down due to loss of nerve contact by damaged nerve?

Denervation atrophy

What is it called when fiber distal to the injury cannot survive and degenerates?

Wallerian degeneration