12.2 The Hippocampus and the Striatum

anterograde amnesia

inability to form memories for events that happened after brain damage

retrograde amnesia

loss of memory for events that occurred before the brain damage

most patients with severe amnesia show normal ______ memory if they avoid distraction

working

semantic memories

memories of factual information

episodic memories

memories of personal events

nearly all patients with amnesia show better (implicit/explicit) memory than (implicit/explicit)

implicit;explicit

explicit memory

deliberate recall of information that one recognizes as memory; aka declarative memory

implicit memory

influence of experience on behavior even if you do not recognize the influence

procedural memory

the development of motor skills and habits; a special kind of implicit memory

delayed matching-to-sample task

an animal sees an object and after a delay, gets a choice between two objects from which it must choose the one that matches the sample

delayed nonmatching-to-sample task

must choose object that is different from the sample

morris water maze

a procedure used to test for spatial memory in nonhumans

place cells

hippocampal neurons tuned to particular spatial locations

striatum

learning of this part depends on parts of the basal ganglia, specifically the caudate nucleus and the putamen

semantic dementia

loss of semantic memory

people with damage to the ________ have great trouble forming new long-term declarative memories, especially episodic memories. They also have trouble imagining the future

hippocampus

whereas the hippocampus is important for rapid storage of events, the _______ (part of basal ganglia) is important for gradually developing habits and seeing complex patterns that may not be evident on a single trial

striatum

in some cases learning depends at first on the _____ and after much practice becomes dependent on the ____

hippocampus; striatum

the _____ cortex is important for elaborating episodic memories. the _____ cortex serves as a hub for semantic memories

parietal;temporal

What is antrograde amnesia?

inability to form new memories

which of the following was most severely impaired in patient H.M.?

his working memory seemed normal unless he was distracted

why is it unsurprising that H.M. had intact procedural memory?

procedural memory depends on the striatum not the hippocampus

what type of memory do the radial maze and morris water maze test?

spatial memory

evidence that rats can imagine the future came from recordings from what type of cell?

place cells

why are certain cells in the entorhinal cortex called grid cells?

they respond to locations distributed in a hexagonal grid

the striatum is primarily responsible for which type of learning?

gradually learning habits

someone with semantic dementia has lost which of the following?

factual knowledge