Unit 5: Civil War and Reconstruction

North Economics

North Economics

More population, factories, railroads, money

South Economics

more cotton and Agricultural

Missouri Compromise

Missouri is a free state and Maine is a free state; The 36 ‘ 60 line (half of the country)

Kansas-Nebraska Act

California was considered a free state; The slave trade was allowed in the district of Colombia (DC), but slavery was not allowed; New Mexico and Utah were given Popular Sovereignty

popular Sovereignty

people can choose

Bleeding Kansas

overwhelming shift between Kansas being a slave state or a free state; Kansas ended up being a free state; violent

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Supreme Court case in 1857. Ruled African Americans were not US citizens and couldn't sue in federal court, furthering slavery's expansion.

Harpers Ferry raid

Event led by John Brown in 1859, aimed to start a slave rebellion. Brown and his followers seized the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, but were captured by U.S. Marines.

secession

The action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.

13th Amendment

Ends slavery

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship; Equal protection of the laws

 15th Amendment

Granted voting rights to all African American males 

Freedmen’s Bureau

US government agency that helped provide basic education for free slaves and created schools

Sharecropping

allowed freedmen to rent land from their former Masters by paying with crops. employers also provided seeds and tools.

Tenant farming

nvolving farmer slaves renting land from landowners to grow crops

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

A hate group towards the reconstruction controlled by white power in the south; Attacked politicians who wanted to continue the reconstruction

1876 -  A compromise made during the presidential election

The Republican candidate won which resulted in removing the military from the South which ended all protections for African Americans.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The Supreme Court decided that segregating races is okay as long as the separate facilities are of equal quality - “Separate but Equal”

NAACP

(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People); to ensure the political, and educational, equality of minority group citizens of States and eliminate racial prejudice

Charles Hamilton Houston

Key figure in the Civil Rights Movement, known as the "Man Who Killed Jim Crow." Influential lawyer and mentor to Thurgood Marshall.

Brown v. Board of Education

• Separating children in public schools based on race was unconstitutional

Thurgood Marshall

Civil rights lawyer who used the courts to fight the Brown v. Board of Education

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Bans segregation and discrimination in all public facilities

Grandfather Clause

“If your grandfather voted, you can vote” 

Literacy test

 Exam for assessing a person's ability to read and write

24th Amendment

Bans poll taxes

poll taxes

tax that must be paid to vote

Voting Rights Act (1965)

Bars literacy tests and the federal government will not enforce equal voting rights

De Jure

in jury; Separation of races is required by government laws

de facto

in fact; Cause by personal prejudice, customs, and choices that individuals and families make

Affirmative action

improve opportunities for historically excluded groups in American society. in employment and education.