Life Orientation_ Term 3 & 4

Topics include : Violence, Volunteerism, Religions, Study Funding, Sport ethics and disabilities, Depression

Physical violence

Any action that causes physical harm, and at the extreme, murder of the victim

Sexual violence

Subjecting a victim to sexual activity against their will and includes sexually abusing minors

Physiological violence

Acts of harassment intended to degrade the victim, exert control over them, and stand in the way of their autonomy

Acts of physical violence at home

- parents causing bodily harm to children and vice versa
- parents causing bodily harm to each other
- siblings/other family members causing bodily harm to each other

Acts of sexual violence at home

- parents/family members sexually abusing children
- children sexually abusing other family members

Acts of emotional violence at home

- parents/family members intimidating or degrading parents/family members
- children intimidating or degrading parents/family members

Acts of physical violence at school

- physical fights between learners
- teachers physically assaulting learners and vice versa

Acts of sexual violence at school

- sexual assault between learners
- teachers sexually assaulting learners and vice versa

Acts of emotional violence at school

- learners spreading rumors about peers/teachers
- teachers making negative comments about learners
- learners making negative comments about teachers/other learners

Acts of physical violence in communities

- bullying, fights among gangs and other groups
- shootings in public areas
- robberies

Acts of sexual violence in communities

- rape and sexual assault in public

Acts of emotional violence in communities

- intimidation, humiliation and isolation based on sex/gender identification/age/race/nationality etc.

Reasons violence occurs in families, communities and among peers

- the breakdown of the family structure
- poverty, oppression and abuse
- desensitizing of people to death and killing
- the influence of media on behavior
- the effect of alcohol and drugs on behavior

Individual health

- complete physical well-being
- ability to recover from illness and other problems
- emotional well-being
- absence of disease
- complete social well-being

Individual safety

- not living in fear (socially)
- being around supportive and caring people
- protected from harm
- trusting your partner/family/friends will not do something to intentionally hurt you

Problem solving

The process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues

Problem solving method

Defining the problem
Analyzing the problem
Determining what to do
Implementing the plan with fidelity
Evaluating progress

Conflict management

The ability to identify and handle conflicts sensibly, fairly and efficiently

Conflict management tips

Talk directly
Choose a good time
Plan ahead
Don't blame or name call
Give information
Listen

Community organizations

Groups of people that operate in a community and focus on specific needs in a given area

Aim of volunteerism

To promote or improve quality of life

Issues community based organizations are concerned with

Social issues
Environmental issues

Features of community based programs

- operate at a local level
- rely on the contributors or volunteers
- provide a service to the community
- are normally 'non-profit' based

Social health

All the goods and services people need

Environmental health

Factors in the environment that can have an effect on people

Sustainable development

Keeping a balance between improving people's lives and not harming the environment

Peace

A state of harmony, where people can live together in respectful relationships that are positive and encouraging

Co-existence

People living together peacefully

Harmony

living in agreement and unity

Judaism

- the Torah
- Statement on Peace : Shalom = peace; very important to this group of people

Baha'i Faith

- the Aqdas/Kitāb al-aqdas
- Statement on Peace : This is the age in which peace will be extablished

Hinduism

- the Vedas
- Statement on Peace : Tolerance of all faiths as they believe that all paths lead to the same goal

Christianity

- the Bible
- Statement on Peace : Romans 12, " to live at peace with everyone"

African traditional religion

- Oral traditions
- Statement on Peace : You are born in a community to live as part of a unified society, this is also the wisdom from the ancestors

Islam

- the Qur'aan
- Statement on Peace : "whoever has killed a soul is regarded as if he has killed the whole of mankind and whoever saves a life is regarded as if he has saved the lives of all mankind"

Ethics

Set of moral standards or beliefs

Ethics in sport

4 key virtues
- fairness
- integrity
- responsibility
- respect

Code of conduct

A list of rules rules that people will follow on how to behave appropriately and correctly in sport

Tips on being a good sport

- play with respect, integrity and fairness
- be modest in victory and gracious in defeat

Tips on respecting your opponent

- treat your opponent the way you would like to be treated
- thank the opposition ahead of the game

Tips on respecting officials

- accept and respect their decision
- thank the official at the end of the game

Mental health

The level of psychological well-being or absence of mental illness

Mental illness

A disorder that causes mild to severe disturbances in thought and/or behavior, resulting in an inability to cope with life's ordinary demands and routines

Recognizing trauma

Sleeping difficulties
Changes in appetite
Anxiety and fear

Recognizing depression

Trouble sleeping/sleeping too much
Feelings of hopelessness
Loss of interest/pleasure in activities that were once enjoyed

Recognizing grief

Guilt
Numbness
Expecting your deceased loved one to come back and be able to resume life as usual

Causes of trauma

Rape
Domestic violence
Severe illness
Terrorism
Divorce

Causes of depression

Academic stress
Social anxiety/peer pressure
Low self-esteem
Neglect
Abuse

Causes of grief

Loss of a loved one
Loss of your health
Loss of a job
Loss of a beloved pet
Loss of a friendship

Coping strategies

the behaviors, thoughts and emotions that you use to adjust to the changes that occur in your life

Positive coping mechanisms

seeking help from supportive people
meditation
journaling
exercising

Productive coping techniques

Techniques that are helpful and not harmful and they actually help solve the problem

Counter-productive coping techniques

Techniques that are potentially harmful and although they might help people forget about the problem temporarily, they do not actually help solve the problem and can sometimes make the situation worse

Counter-productive coping mechanisms

avoiding issues
sleeping too much
excessive alcohol/drug use
impulsive spending
over and under eating

Ways to deal with depression

Actively seek something to make you feel better
- volunteer your time, use creative outlets
Exercise
- you will feel less tired, try something continuous and rhythmic
Do things that will make you feel good
- listen to music, play with a pet
Who can you talk to?
- talk to someone you trust and tell them you are struggling, friend

Main types of impairment

Sensory - one of your sense in impaired
Mental - your ability to think, argue and understand in impaired
Physical - one of more of your bodily functions is impaired

Cause of impairment

Born- since childbirth (cerebral palsy, downs syndrome)
Became - as a result from illness (polio, asthma)
Befall - as a result of accident (vehicles/sport accidents)

Tuition

Instruction or teaching at a formal educational institution

NSFAS

National Student Financial Aid Scheme
- funded mostly by South Africa's national Department of Education
- provides study loans to academically able, but financially disadvantaged students who wish to study at any South African university or university of technology registered as a public higher educational institution
- offers student loans at a low interest rate

Learnerships

- equip learners with work place skills
- managed by Sector Education Training Authority
- training programme, both theory and practical elements
- usually get paid stipend per month
- help to prepare learners for work place

Parties involved in a learnership

Learner, and employer and an education, training and development service provider

Bank Loans

- student loans that cover time of study and repay only when done studying and start working
- some banks require students to pay back while studying
- grace periods are sometimes given before repaying loans if you have to complete internships, article or community service after you've graduated

Scholarships

- financial support awarded to student based on academic achievement
- donor/department set criteria for recipient selection, grantor defines how money is applied, funds cover cost of tuition, books, room, board and other expenses directly tied to students educational cost through university

Bursaries

- from organizations and companies
- most expect the people to work for them as a way of repaying them (contract bursaries)
- cover tuition, accommodation costs and travel costs
- others cover come of those and only contribute a portion of fees