American Pageant Chapter 3

Calvinism

Reformed theology that emphasizes the rule of God over all things. Associated with John Calvin.

Predestination

Belief that God has determined which souls will preside in heaven and which will not, a decision than cannot be altered.

Puritans

Protestants seeking to reform the Church of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Separatists

Those who sought to break away from the Church of England.

Conversion

A radical reorientation of one's whole life away from sin and evil and toward God. This is a central element of Christ's preaching, of the Church's ministry of evangelization, and of the Sacrament of Penance.

Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area.

Great Migration

70,000 refugees left England for the New World.

Antinomianism

An interpretation of Puritan beliefs that stressed God's gift of salvation and minimized what an individual could do to gain salvation; identified with Anne Hutchinson.

Fundamental Orders

Is considered by some as the first written Constitution. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut is a short document, but contains some principles that were later applied in creating the United States government. It states the powers of the government, and some limits within which that power is exercised.

Pequot War

Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed.

King Phillip's War

A Native American uprising that attacked New England and New York in which helped lead to the formation of the Dominion of New England.

English Civil War

Featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy.

Dominion Of New England

The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros).

Navigation Laws

Promoted English shipping and control colonial trade; made Americans ship all non-British items to England before going to America.

Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution

England made King James II step down.

Salutary Neglect

An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies.

Patroonships

Estates along the Hudson River established by the Dutch.

Blue Laws

Laws designed to restrict personal behavior.

Martin Luther

A German theological reformer who denied papal power, and claimed the only sacraments were baptism and communion.

John Calvin

A theological reformer who developed Calvinism.

William Bradford

The second governor of the Plymouth colony. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.

John Winthrop

The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony.

Roger Williams

He left the Massachusetts colony and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom.

Massasoit

Chief of the Wampanoag tribe. Helped the Pilgrim's.

Metacom (King Phillip)

Son of Massasoit. Leader of the Wampanoag's.

Charles II

Son of Charles I. King of England, Ireland and Scotland. Spread Anti-Catholicism.

Sir Edmund Andros

Governor of the Dominion of New England.

William III

Became co-monarch of England after the Glorious (Or Bloodless)Revolution.

Mary II

Ruled jointly with her husband, William III, after Glorious (Or Bloodless)Revolution.

Henry Hudson

Explorer for the Dutch. He claimed the Hudson River around present day New York and called it New Netherland.

Peter Stuyvesant

Known as "Father Wooden Leg". Lost the New Netherlands to the English.

Duke Of York

Brother of Charles II, namesake of New York.

William Penn

A devout Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania.