PNS (parietal Nervous System)

Which of the following is the best explanation of how a stimulus's strength is transmitted to the central nervous system from sensory nerves?

Action potential frequency is increased as stimulus strength increases.

Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding the occurrence of a sensation?

The stimulus energy must be converted into the energy of a graded potential called a transduction potential.

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are

afferent nerves

Select the correct definition

Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face.

If someone spills very hot coffee (200°F) on their skin, they will likely perceive much pain. Which of the following receptor types is causing this sensation?

nociceptors

Receptors that respond to changes in room temperature are found in the skin. Which of the following pairs of classifications below best fit the receptor type that is being described above?

thermoreceptors that are also exteroceptors

We can touch our finger to our nose while our eyes are closed in part because we can sense the position and movement of our joints as well as the length of stretch in our muscles. These sensations create awareness of our body's positioning. The following receptors are most likely responsible for this ability

proprioceptors

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by

Schwann Cells

Dermatome maps are useful to clinicians because

they can help pinpoint the location of spinal injury

Injury to cervical vertebrae C3-C4 is particularly problematic because

the phrenic nerve that serves the diaphragm receives its fibers from here.

Bill is a mechanic that works with vibrating tools. He also exerts force on his wrists when twisting wrenches and screws. Bill has a tingling sensation in the lateral portion of his hand. The doctor suspects carpal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following tests might the doctor try on her patient?

Have Bill grip an object with his thumb and index finger and try to pull the object away.

The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ____ nerve

tibial

Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are (in order)

roots, trunks, divisions, and cords.

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the

femoral

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the

Sacral plexus

Striking the "funny bone" is actually stimulation of (or injury to) the

ulnar nerve

A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in

sciatica

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

A complete loss of voluntary movement

A patient is suffering from the inability to distinguish various types of odors. This patient may have damage to which of the following?

olfactory nerve (I)

A patient has lost the ability to taste food. Which nerve may have been damaged?

the facial nerves

An emergency medical technician is examining a trauma victim by shining a pen light into her patient's eye. She records the reactivity of the patient's pupils as they constrict when stimulated by the light. This test supports which of the following?

The patient has function of the oculomotor nerve (III).

As a cook chops red onions he begins to tear up due to activation of the lacrimal gland. Which of the following nerves provided the stimulus?

the facial nerve (VII)

A patient has an injury of the spine and is now suffering from a loss of motor function in his right arm. However, he still has normal sensory function in the arm. Based on this information it is likely that the patient has nervous tissue damage located at

the ventral root located at one or more of the cervical vertebra

Bell's palsy is

characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

Regeneration within the CNS

is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes

Inborn or intrinsic reflexes are

involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior

A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle tension is called a

tendon reflex

In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would

extend

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector.