Studied by 1 person
Demography
the study of human population
Cohort
a population group unified by a specified common characteristics
Census
a detailed counting of the population that occurs every 10 years in the US
Natural Increase Rate
Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate
Total Fertility Rate
the average number of children born to each woman over her life time
Arithmetic Density
number of people/ total land area
Physiological Density
number of people/ total arable land area
Crude Birth Rate
number of live births per 1,000 people per year
Crude Death Rate
number of deaths per 1,000 people per year
J-Curve
the curve of world population due to exponential growth
S-Curve
the curve as humans hit consistently higher to homeostatic plateaus (carrying capacity)
Population Explosion
worldwide population growth from 1800-2000
Population Implosion
the recent slowing down of the world’s population growth rate due to decreased birth rates in rich nations
Demographic Momentum
number of births increase even as TFR decreases because of the % of women reaching child-bearing ages
Replacement Fertility Rate
when TFR is ≥ 2.1
Ecumene
inhabitable area of the earth’s surface
Nonecumene
Uninhabitable or sparsely populated area of the earth’s surface
Carrying Capacity
the number of people a given area can support
Homeostatic Plateau
population = carrying capacity
Population Pyramid
graph that analyzes a country’s age-sex distribution to help determine population projection
Overpopulation
not based on a number of people, but an availability of resources in a given area
Underpopulation
population is less than what the resources of the area can support
Baby Boomers
the cohort born in the US between 1946 and early 1960s
Generation X
the cohort born in the US during the 60s and 70s
Generation Y
the cohort born between 1981-2000
Thomas Malthus’ Theory
food production increases arithmetically but human population increases exponentially and will eventually outgrow the ability to produce food
Demographic Transition Model
Tool used by demographers to categorize countries’ populations growth rates anomic structure
Demographic Accounting Equation
summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population
P=(B-D)+(I - E)
Dependency Ratio
the number of people whose labor supports the people who cannot work
Migration
permanent movement of a person from one political jurisdiction to another
Immigration
movement into another country with the intent to stay
Note
Flashcard