AP Human Geography Unit 2

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Demography

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51 Terms

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Demography

the study of human population

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Cohort

a population group unified by a specified common characteristics

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Census

a detailed counting of the population that occurs every 10 years in the US

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Natural Increase Rate

Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate

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Total Fertility Rate

the average number of children born to each woman over her life time

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Arithmetic Density

number of people/ total land area

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Physiological Density

number of people/ total arable land area

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Crude Birth Rate

number of live births per 1,000 people per year

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Crude Death Rate

number of deaths per 1,000 people per year

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J-Curve

the curve of world population due to exponential growth

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S-Curve

the curve as humans hit consistently higher to homeostatic plateaus (carrying capacity)

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Population Explosion

worldwide population growth from 1800-2000

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Population Implosion

the recent slowing down of the world’s population growth rate due to decreased birth rates in rich nations

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Demographic Momentum

number of births increase even as TFR decreases because of the % of women reaching child-bearing ages

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Replacement Fertility Rate

when TFR is ≥ 2.1

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Ecumene

inhabitable area of the earth’s surface

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Nonecumene

Uninhabitable or sparsely populated area of the earth’s surface

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Carrying Capacity

the number of people a given area can support

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Homeostatic Plateau

population = carrying capacity

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Population Pyramid

graph that analyzes a country’s age-sex distribution to help determine population projection

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Overpopulation

not based on a number of people, but an availability of resources in a given area

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Underpopulation

population is less than what the resources of the area can support

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Baby Boomers

the cohort born in the US between 1946 and early 1960s

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Generation X

the cohort born in the US during the 60s and 70s

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Generation Y

the cohort born between 1981-2000

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Thomas Malthus’ Theory

food production increases arithmetically but human population increases exponentially and will eventually outgrow the ability to produce food

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Demographic Transition Model

Tool used by demographers to categorize countries’ populations growth rates anomic structure

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Demographic Accounting Equation

summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population

P=(B-D)+(I - E)

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Dependency Ratio

the number of people whose labor supports the people who cannot work

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Migration

permanent movement of a person from one political jurisdiction to another

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Immigration

movement into another country with the intent to stay

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