Lab Quiz #1 Review

digestive blood

Left Coronary artery

• branches off the ascending aorta

• Supplies blood to both ventricles and anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum

• Anterior

Right coronary artery

• branches off the ascending aorta

• “the pacemaker“

• posterior

Coronary Arteries

supply blood to heart issues.

• originate from the aorta

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

control blood flow between atria and ventricles

Right AV valve

has 3 cups (tricuspid valve)

Left AV valve

has 2 cups (bicuspid valve)

Chorade tendinae

cords connect AV valves to papillary muscles on floor of ventricles

left side of heart

(anatomical position)

• fully oxygenated blood arrives from lungs via pulmonary veins

• send blood to all organs via aorta

right side of heart

(anatomical position)

• lesser oxygenated blood drives from inferior and superior vena cava

• blood sent to lungs via pulmonary trunk

Semilunar valves

control flow into great arteries ; open / close because of blood flow + pressure

Pulmonary semilunar valve

between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Aortic semilunar valve

between ventricle and aorta

Dentin

hard yellow tissue that makes up most of the tooth

Enamel

covers crown and neck

Periodontal Ligament

holds tooth to the alveolus (socket)

Cementum

covers root attaches to periodontal ligament

living tissue that can regenerate?

Dentin & Cementum

Root canal

in the root leading to the pulp cavity in the crown

where is the Parotid glands

• anterior to the ear between the master muscle and skin

• salivary gland

where is the Submandibular gland

• along the medial aspect of the mandible

• salivary gland

sublingual gland

• lie under tongue

• salivary gland

Lipase

fat breakdown

amylase

starch breakdown

Duodenum

shortest

jejunum

medium

ileum

longest

Cystic duct

• gallbladder duct

• joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile ducts

pancreatic duct

runs length wise through the middle of the gland

Intrahepatic bile duct

a network of small tubes that carry bile inside the liver

accessory pancreatic duct

smaller duct that branches from the main pancreatic duct

Lobes of the liver

• right

• left

• quadrate

• caudate

five stages of digestion

ingestion, digestion, absorption, compaction, defecation

accessory organs of the digestive system

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

alimentary canal

digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

regions of the large intestine

cecum, colon, appendix, haustrae, teniae coli

cecum

blind pouch marking the beginning of the large intestine. Attached to the ileum

colon

part of large intestine. includes: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon (not present in cats)

appendix

worm-like mass of lymphatic tissue that hangs off the cecum. (not present in cats)

Haustrae

pouch-like outpocketings of the colon wall (not present in cats)

Teniae Coli

ribbon-like, longitudinal strips of muscle. (not present in cats)

small intestine parts

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal sphincter, villi

duodenum

first section of the small intestine

jejunum

second part of the small intestine

ileum

the last and longest portion of the small intestine

Ileocecal sphincter

the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine

villi

very small (cannot see on intestine model), finger-like projections of the intestinal mucosa.

large instestine function

Absorption of water
Formation of feces
Expulsion of feces from the body

small intestine function

Absorbs most nutrients; Main absorption organ of the digestive tract

salivary glands list include WHAT?

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

partoid gland function

produce saliva (spit) to keep your mouth lubricated, and to aid in chewing and digestion.

sublingual gland function

lubricates the oral cavity which allows for swallowing, initiating digestion, buffering pH, and dental hygiene

functions of submandibular gland

produces saliva, which moistens the mouth and aids in chewing, swallowing, digestion, and helps to keep the mouth and teeth clean.

where is bile produced

liver

where is bile stored

gallbladder

mesentery definition

attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall, and also helps storing the fat and allows the blood and lymph vessels, as well as the nerves, to supply the intestines.

ligament definition

connect two or more organs to each other

Mesoduodenum

Anchors duodenum to the dorsal body wall

Mesentery proper

anchors the jejunum and the ileum to the dorsal body wall

Mesocolon

anchors the majority of the colon to the dorsal body wall

Mesorectum

anchors the rectum to the dorsal body wall

falciform ligament

attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

Ligamentum teres(round ligament):

): thickened, unattached front edge of the falciform.

Median suspensory ligament of the bladder:

extends from the midline of the bladder to the ventral body wall.

Lateral ligament of the bladder

extend from the lateral edges of the bladder to the lateral body walls.

Broad ligament of the uterus

extends from the dorsal body wall to attach lengthwise on the uterine horn's dorsal side.

Round ligament of the uterus

• extends from the lateral body wall and attaches perpendicular to the broad ligament about halfway up each uterine horn.

(whole name is needed when identifying)

Gastrosplenic ligament

connects spleen to the stomach (is part of the greater omentum but spleen is not part of the digestive system)

Greater Omentum

sac-like fold of membrane extending from the greater curvature of the stomach and covering the small intestine and colon.
(Lace apron)

Lesser Omentum

Extends from the lesser curavature of the stomach to the liver.

Erythrocytes

red blood cells

Platelets

Cell fragments from special cell in bone marrow
Aid in blood clotting

Leukocytes

white blood cells

Granulocytes list

-Neutrophils (60%-70%)
-Eosinophils (2%-4%)
-Basophils (<1%)

Agranulocytes (without granules)

-Lymphocytes (25%-33%)
-Monocytes (3%-8%)

Leukocytes LIST

Granulocytes + Agranulocytes

Neutrophils

primary task is to destroy bacteria

Eosinophils

secretes chemicals that weaken or destroy large parasites

ex tapeworms, allergies, diseases of the spleen

Basophils

increased numbers in chickenpox, sinusitis, diabetes

what do basophils secrete

histamine and heparin

histamine (vasodilator)

speeds flow of blood to an injured area

heparin (anticoagulant)

promotes the mobility of other white blood cells in the area

Lymphocytes

increased numbers in diverse infections and immune responses
- Secrete antibodies and provide immune memory

Monocytes

increased numbers in viral infections and inflammation

Antigens

Complex molecules on surface of cell membrane that are unique to the individual

Antibodies

Proteins (gamma globulins) secreted by plasma cells

Agglutination

clumping of red blood cells

Coagulation

blood clotting

universal blood donor

type O

universal recipient

Type AB

ekg definition

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart

P Wave

atria
contract depolarization

QRS Complex

Ventricular depolarization (contraction)

ST segment

Ventricular systole
Plateau in myocardial action potential

T wave

Ventricular repolarization (relaxation)

Pulmonary semilunar valve

in opening between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Aortic semilunar valve

in opening between left ventricle and aorta