PRT 266 NC State Midterm

Marketing is a unique aspect of sport management because

sport activities tend to be spontaneous

How are the terms sport (as opposed to sports) and religion (as opposed to religions) alike?

Both are broad terms that encompass many activities (in the case of sport) or faiths (in the case of religion).

Which of the following competencies is paramount for people working in sport communication management?

written and verbal communication

Which of the following assumptions should be challenged by sport managers?

Members of underrepresented groups do not have the requisite skills for management positions.

Financing for sport businesses is unique because

a significant portion of revenue comes from extraneous sources such as concessions, parking, merchandise, and TV rights

According to the definition of sport by Pitts and Stotlar (2013) and Pitts (2016), an activity must always be competitive to be considered sport.

False

Sport managers compete for the __________ of consumers through the sale of items that might or might not be related to the primary focus of the sport business.

discretionary funds

Which of the following areas will challenge sport managers of the future?

increased social responsibility

Critical thinking is

positive, caring, and productive

To demonstrate social responsibility, sport managers should

acquire a sound understanding of the historical, psychological, sociological, and philosophical dimensions of sport

Goal setting is part of the ____________ management process.

Planning

Staffing involves which of the following

recruiting and hiring new employees

The ____________ leader behaves by raising followers' consciousness about the importance of outcomes and explains how followers can reach those outcomes by placing organizational interests ahead of self-interests.

transformational

The ____________ leadership style implies an exchange between leaders and followers whereby they agree on the types of performances that will lead to reward or punishment for followers.

Transactional

What source of power stems from charisma, charm, and appeal?

referent

All management function processes ultimately revolve around the manager's actions and decisions.

True

Biases and stereotypes may lead managers and employees to treat diverse employees unfairly.

True

he primary goal of management is to exert influence on individual and group behaviors.

False

When people function as __________, they are focused on doing things right; when they function as __________, they are focused on doing the right thing.

managers; leaders

The process by which people in sport, in a sport setting, or through a sport endeavor share symbols as they create meaning through interaction is called

sport communication

An undergraduate sport management education prepares students for

entry-level positions

Someone working in the interscholastic athletics career area is likely to be employed at a university.

False

A professional who works for Raleigh Parks and Recreation is likely to be working in the Youth and Community Sports career area.

True

The General Manager of the RBC Center works in the Facility and Event Management career area.

True

The voluntary sport clubs of the 1800s began as clubs for mostly middle- and lower-class men.

False

Which athletic club built the first cinder track in the United States?

New York Athletic Club

The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) began offering boys competitive sporting opportunities in the late 19th century.

True

Which of the following experienced the largest gains in participant numbers over the past eight years?

individual conditioning and exercise

How are publicly supported parks and recreation centers in the United States typically funded?

Local tax dollars and user fees

The goal of youth sport classes is generally to develop young athletes into future Olympians.

False

The management structure and delivery system in community sport organizations is quite different from one organization to another.

True

What percentage of students are in after school programs for K - 12?

11%

Which of the following employees in a professional association would most likely be accountable for the daily operations of the organization and supervise the staff?

Executive director

At most schools, how much of the budget is allocated to the athletic department?

1-3 percent

In 2005 athletic participation in high school athletics topped __________ for the first time.

7 million

What is the primary function of a high school athletic director?

provide the leadership and management of the interscholastic athletic program

When an athletic administrator's position becomes available, it is not uncommon to fill it internally with a coach who does not have the necessary knowledge or experience.

True

The credentials required for coaching are the same at public and private schools.

False

Most of a high school athletic director's time is spent engaged in traditional managerial activities.

True

According to recent research, high school __________ players are twice as likely to endure concussions while playing as their college counterparts.

Football

It is generally not very difficult for athletic administrators to keep their athletic programs afloat during times of economic hardship.

False

Initially,intercollegiate athletics began as class games, which eventually became intercollegiate contests, and these games and contests were controlled by faculty.

False

Which of the following Divisions in the NCAA is the largest?

Division III

The NCCAA focuses on the promotion and enhancement of intercollegiate athletic competition with a Christian perspective.

True

For which of the following positions is it imperative that the administrator understand NCAA and conference rules and regulations?

compliance officer

Several California community colleges formed the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), because the NCAA refused to allow community college programs to compete in the NCAA track and field championships in 1937.

True

The criteria for division classification within the NCAA includes size of the institution's financial base; number of sports offered; types of sports offered; focus of the program; and existence of athletic grants-in-aid.

True

How many NCAA Division I collegiate athletics departments generated revenue in excess of overall athletic expenses in 2014-15?

22

The Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women governed US women's intercollegiate athletics from 1971 to 1981.

True

What was the first team sport to employ professional athletes?

baseball

What term did David Harris use to describe the notion that teams must, among other things, share revenues?

league think

The Sherman Antitrust Act pertains to which of the following professional leagues?

Major League Baseball

What legislation allowed leagues (rather than individual teams) to negotiate network TV contracts?

Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961

These four aspects of professional sport distinguish it from other industries: (1) interdependence, (2) structure and governance, (3) labor-management relations, and (4) role of radio.

False

The collective bargaining agreement is an equitable system for distributing new talent among all league members.

False

Licensing revenues are generated when leagues and teams grant merchandise and apparel manufacturers the right to use their names and logos.

True

What was the first sport management and marketing agency?

International Management Group

In which category of sport management and marketing agencies are IMG, Octagon, and Wasserman Media Group?

full service

Grassroots programs are often aimed at children or adolescents who possess the qualities, abilities, and potential to become consumers in the future.

True

Sport management and marketing agencies often hire entry-level employees who have just completed their college degree.

False

The term turnkey refers to a program or product that the vendor executes without further involvement from the client.

True

Which of the following is NOT a full service agency?

16W marketing

Associating the name of a sponsor with the name of an event or facility in exchange for cash or other considerations is referred to as entitlement.

True

Which of the following would be classified as a specialty sport management and marketing agency?

Excel Sports

Who is the sole client of an in-house group?

Themselves

What type of events does Higham (1999) suggest provide communities with more benefits and fewer burdens?

small-scale events

A sport tourist who plays the Old Course at St. Andrews would be considered __________________________.

an active sport tourist

The variable patterns of tourist visitation throughout the year at a destination is referred to as seasonality.

True

Using strategies to optimize the benefits or outcomes associated with an event is referred to as synergy.

False

The convention and visitors bureau in a community promotes tourism and acts as a centralized source of information about events, accommodations, and other visitor-related information.

True

When ski resorts extend their ski seasons, it leaves little time for grass and plant regeneration. This is an example ofwhich type of sustainability issue?

environmental

Research shows that as many as 70% of spectators at a sporting event come from within the metropolitan area.

True

The displacement effect refers to someone whose primary motivation was not to attend a sporting event, but they ended up going because they were in the vicinity of the event when it was taking place.

False

Event sport tourism positions sport events as tourist attractions to the sport tourists who travel to watch them.

True

Low-income residents often suffer the most when a city hosts a mega event.

True

The concept of sustainability considers the needs of today and those of the future.

True

Sport communication is a process by which people in sport, in a sport setting, or through a sport endeavor share symbols as they create meaning through interaction.

True

The Strategic Sport Communication Model includes five components.

False

Component 1 of the SSCM includes publishing and print communication.

False

New media (social media) is included in the Component 2 of the SSCM

True

Crisis communication is in component 3 of the SSCM.

True

Community relations specialists perform which of the following tasks?

Develop outreach program, coordinate public appearances for players and coaches, develop off the field publicity for the organization

Dr. Lindsay's personal philosophy on education is to "provide the conditions in which students can learn:

True

Sport Education is a career area in which a person (such as a teacher or a school administrator) works to prepare interested individuals to become a sports management professional.

True

Declining budgets have presented few challenges to members of the sport education career path.

False

Career Opportunities for professionas interested in sport education are commonly located in schools, colleges and universities and professional sport organizations.

True

A undergraduate degree is typically the minimum qualification for employment at a college or university in the sport education career path.

False

Many colleges and universities require a Ph.D. for epmloyment in this career path.

True

Sport refers to

the management side of sport

Sports refers to

the actual activities and games

management

actions & plans

administration

objectives and policies

coercive power

based on fear

legitimate power

the power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization

reward power

Compliance achieved based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable

expert power

influence based on special skills or knowledge

referent power

influence based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits

information power

access to and control over important information

Community sport

organized physical activity that is based in community, school, and local sport organizations

agency-sponsored youth sports

Pop Warner, little league, etc