AP/Dual Enrollment US History Semester 1 Study Guide (Periods 1-5)

This flashcard set covers key vocabulary and definitions from U.S. History lectures focusing on the periods leading up to and including the Civil War and Reconstruction.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, goods, and diseases between the Americas and Europe following Columbus's voyages.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that promotes government regulation of a nation's economy for augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers.

Middle Passage

The sea route by which enslaved Africans were shipped to the Americas.

Indentured Servitude

A labor system whereby individuals work for a specified number of years in exchange for passage to the Americas.

Chattel Slavery

A system of bondage in which enslaved individuals are considered property, and can be bought, sold, and owned.

Bacon's Rebellion

A 1676 revolt in Virginia against Governor Berkeley, highlighting the conflict between landowners and poor frontiersmen.

First Great Awakening

A religious revival in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s that emphasized personal faith over church doctrine.

Salutary Neglect

The British policy of not strictly enforcing laws in the colonies, allowing them to operate with considerable independence.

Federalist Papers

A series of essays advocating for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, emphasizing the need for a strong central government.

Republican Motherhood

An idea that emphasized the role of women in nurturing the principles of republicanism in their children.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement in 1820 that allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance between free and slave states.

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. foreign policy statement made in 1823 declaring that the Americas should be free from European colonization.

Market Revolution

A period of rapid economic growth and change in the United States in the first half of the 19th century, characterized by the expansion of markets and infrastructure.

Emancipation Proclamation

An executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that freed all slaves in the Confederate states.

Radical Reconstruction

A period during Reconstruction when Congress took control of Reconstruction policies, imposing more stringent requirements on Southern states.

Black Codes

Laws enacted in the South after the Civil War that restricted the rights of freed African Americans.

Sharecropping

An agricultural system in which landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced.