helicase- enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks

single stranded binding protein-bind to and stabilize single stranded DNA. keeps the DNA from coming together again

topoisomerase- relieves winding of the strand ahead of helicase

primase-places RNA primers down

DNA polymerase III- builds DNA by using primers to build off from.

DNA polymerase I- removes sections of RNA primer and replaces it with DNA nucleotides.

__ligase-__fuses okazaki fragments together

t__elomerase-__extends telomeres

okazaki fragments-segments in the lagging strand that builds away from the replication fork

nuclease- cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA (part of base excision repair)

telomeres- buffers for extra nucleotides in order for DNA to not lose genes. protects the essential genes

semiconservative model- one parent strand and one daughter strand

chargaff’s rules- [G]=[C] [A]=[T]

leading strand- new strand builds continuously, moving towards the replication fork

lagging strand- DNA polymerase builds away from replication fork. built in fragments (okazaki)

mismatch repair- repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing

5’→3’- general rule of how DNA builds from the 5 carbon strand to the 3 carbon