ap bio DNA

__helicase__- enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks

__single stranded binding protein__-bind to and stabilize single stranded DNA. keeps the DNA from coming together again

__topoisomerase-__ relieves winding of the strand ahead of helicase

__primase__-places RNA primers down

__DNA polymerase III-__ builds DNA by using primers to build off from.

__DNA polymerase I-__ removes sections of RNA primer and replaces it with DNA nucleotides.

__ligase-__fuses okazaki fragments together

t__elomerase-__extends telomeres

__okazaki fragments__-segments in the lagging strand that builds away from the replication fork

__nuclease-__ cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA (part of base excision repair)

__telomeres-__ buffers for extra nucleotides in order for DNA to not lose genes. protects the essential genes

__semiconservative model-__ one parent strand and one daughter strand

__chargaff’s rules__- \[G\]=\[C\] \[A\]=\[T\]

__leading strand-__ new strand builds continuously, moving towards the replication fork

__lagging strand-__ DNA polymerase builds away from replication fork. built in fragments (okazaki)

__mismatch repair-__ repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing

__5’→3’-__ general rule of how DNA builds from the 5 carbon strand to the 3 carbon

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