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Okazaki fragments

Okazaki fragments

- segments in the lagging strand that builds away from the replication fork.

Topoisomerase

- relieves winding of the strand ahead of helicase.

Helicase

- enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks.

Semiconservative model

one parent strand and one daughter strand.

Ligase

fuses okazaki fragments together.

5→3-

general rule of how DNA builds from the 5 carbon strand to the 3 carbon.

DNA polymerase III

builds DNA by using primers to build off from.

DNA polymerase I

removes sections of RNA primer and replaces it with DNA nucleotides

nuclease

cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA (part of base excision repair)

telomeres

buffers for extra nucleotides in order for DNA to not lose genes

chargaffs rules

[G]=[C] [A]=[T]

leading strand

new strand builds continuously, moving towards the replication fork

lagging strand

DNA polymerase builds away from replication fork, not built continuously

mismatch repair

repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing

primase

adds RNA primers

single stranded binding protein

bind to and stabilize single stranded DNA. keeps the DNA from coming together again

telomerase

extends telomeres