Radiology Lecture Notes Review

Flashcards based on radiology lecture notes for exam preparation.

Which one of the following is not one of the four primary image quality factor? A. Density B. Contrast C. Kilovoltage (kV) D. Detail E. Distortion

C. Kilovoltage (kV)

The amount of blackness on a processed radiograph is called A. Density B. Milliampere seconds (mAs) C. Contrast D. Penumbra

A. Density

Which of the following exposure factors primarily controls radiographic density? A. kV B. mAs C. Focal spot size D. SID

B. mAs

Where is the safest place for the technologist during a fluoroscopic procedure?

behind the radiologist

What protection devices must be used during a fluoroscopic procedure?

Buck slot shield

The ED per month for a pregnant technologist is?

.5mSv or .05 rem

A fetal personnel dosimeter is worn at the level of the waist by a pregnant technologist during fluoroscopy - True/False?

True

All administrative staff in the radiology department must wear a personnel dosimeter even if not involved with patient care directly - True/False?

False

For an underexposure radiograph, the mAs must be increased by a factor of four to produce a a visible change in radiographic density - True/False?

False

A radiograph of the knee reveals that it is overexposed and must be repeated. The original technique used 10 mAs. Which one of the following changes will improve the image during the repeat exposure? A. Increase to 15 mAs B. Decrease to 5 mAs C. Increase to 20 mAs D. Decrease to 2 mAs

B. Decrease to 5 mAs

Primary controlling factor for radiographic contrast is: A. mAs B. kV C. Focal Spot D SID

B. kV

Chest radiography requires long-scale contrast. Which set of exposure factors will be produced? A. 50 kV, 20 mAs B. 65 kV , 15 mAs C. 110 kV, 2 mAs D. 80 kV, 5 mAs

C. 110 kV, 2 mAs

Which one of the following sets of exposure factors will produce the highest (short scale) radiographic contrast? A. 60 kV, 30 mAs B. 80 kV , 20 mAs C. 96 kV, 5 mAs D. 120 kV, 2 mAs

A. 60 kV, 30 mAs

Kilovoltage is s secondary controlling factor for a radiographic density. - True/False

True

A low kilovoltage technique (50 kV) produces a long-scale contrast image. - True/False

False

A radiograph of the elbow reveals that it is overexposed. The technologist wants to adjust kV rather than mAs for the repeat exposure. This is contrary to common practice. The original analog exposure factors were 70 kV and 5 mAs. Which one of the following kV settings would reduce radiographic density by one half A. 80 kV and 5 mAs B. 66 kV and 5 mAs C. 60 kV and 5 mAs D. 56 kV and 5 mAs

C. 60 kV, and 5 mAs

Which type of grid cutoff is created if the CR and the fave of the grid are no perpendicular to each other? A. Off level B. Off center C. Upside down grid D. Off focus

A. Off level

Which one of the following requires the use of grid? A. PA Hand B. Axial calcaneus (heel) C. AP abdomen D AP elbow

C. AP abdomen

The misrepresentation of an object's size or shape projected on a radiograph is called A. Magnification B. Blurring C. Unsharpness D. Distortion

D. Distortion

Which one of the following sets of factors minimizes radiographic distortion to the greatest degree? A. 40 inch SID and 8 inch OID B. 44 inch SID and 7 inch OID C. 72 inch SID and 3 inch OID D. 60 inch SID and 4 inch OID

C. 72 in. SID and 3 in OID

To best use the anode heel effect, the thinner aspect of the anatomic part should be placed under the cathode aspect of the x-ray tube - True/False

False

The best method to reduce distortion of the joints of the hand is to keep the fingers _ to the IR A. Perpendicular B. Parallel C. At a 30 degree angle D. Vertical

B. parallel

Which one of the following factors affects spatial resolution to the greatest degree? A. Use of a grid B. kV C. Focal spot size D. mAs

C. focal spot size

Each digital image is formed by a two dimensional elements termed: A Pixel B Matrix C Voxels D Bytes

A. pixel

Highly complex mathematical formulas used in creating the digital image are termed: A. Digital reconstructions B. Bit Processing matrices C. Digital displays D. Algorithms

D. Algorithms

Changes in kV have little impact on patient dose with digital imaging - True/False

False

kV and mAs do not have the same direct effect on image quality with digital imaging as they do with IR screen imaging - True/False

True

A wide exposure latitude associated with digital imaging systems will reduce repeat exposures - True/False

True

The intensity of light that represents the individual pixels in the image on the monitor is termed A Latitude B Brightness C Contrast D Resolution

B. brightness

The primary controlling factor of contrast in the digital image is A. kV B. mAs C. Processing algorithms D. Use of grid

C. processing algorithms

The greater the bit depth of a digital system the greater the A. Contrast resolution B. Brightness C. Resolution D. Noise

A. contrast resolution

Which one of the following terms describes the minimum pixel size that can be displayed by a monitor? A. Acquisition pixel size B. Display pixel size C. Monitor latent pixel size D. Reconstructed pixel size

B. display pixel size

What are the units of radiation?

Roentgen (R), rad, rem

Window width controls __ of the digital image A. Edge Enhancement B. Contrast C. Smoothing D. Brightness

B. contrast

Post Processing can correct for a low SNR image - True/False

False

Which of the following statements is true in regard to PSP imaging?

PSP provides a wide exposure latitude

which of the following processes is used to erase the PSP imaging plate following exposure?

bright light

Patient information may be linked to the image on the CR imaging plate by?

bar code reader

The PSP imaging plate is composed of?

photostimulable phosphor

The latent image recorded on the PSP image plate is read by a?

laser

close collimation must be avoided when acquiring an image on a PSP IP /true or false?

false

Grids cannot be used with a PSP system / true or false?

false

Grids are often used for extremity when using FPD-TFT / true or false?

true

FPD-TFT often requires less exposure that film-screen systems / true or false?

true

Close collimation should be avoided when using DR / true or false?

false

FPD-TFT can be either cassetteless or cassette-based systems / true or false?

true

RIS is a digital network that permits viewing and storage of both digital and film-screen produced images / true or false?

false

_ controls the brightness of a digital image

window level

DICOM refers to?

a set of standards to ensure communication among digital systems

A digital transmission system for transferring radiographic images to remote location is termed?

PACS

Any residual latent image is erased on the PSP image plate by applying?

bright light

A series of boxes that give form to the image is the definition for?

display matrix

A 30x35cm IR is equivalent to a?

11x14 inch IR

The application of specific image processing to reduce the display of noise in an image is the definition for?

smoothing

the recorded sharpness of structures on the image is the definition for?

spatial resolution

what is the SI unit of radiation measurement for an absorbed dose?

gray

which term is replacing exposure to describe skin dose?

air kerma

what is the annual whole body effective dose ED for a technologist?

50 Sv or 5 rem

what is the cumulative lifetime ED for a 25 year old technologist?

250 mSv

what is the annual ED limit for an individual younger than 18 years of age?

1mSv or .1 rem

the federal set maximum limit on exposure rates for intensified fluoroscopy units is?

10 R/min

for most modern equipment , the average fluoroscopy tabletop exposure rate is?

1 and 3R/min

what is the primary purpose of x-ray tube filtration?

absorb lower energy x-rays

which of the following results in the highest ED for females?

7AP thoracic spine 14x17 inch

What is Roentgen (R)?

Measures exposure, the amount of ionization created in the air by x-rays

What is air kerma?

indicates the amount of energy transferred to a mass of air by the phontons

What is the unit measurement for air kerma?

gray or rad

How much air kerma does 1

R equal?

8.76 milligray (mGy)

What is dose measured in?

rad- primarily for patient doses

rem- primarily for radiation protection

What is a TLD?

A film badge,

Thermoluminescent dosimeter

What is a OSL?

A film badge, Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter

What is attenuation?

Anything that reduces the exit dose