Evolution and Ecology

Evolution

change in the populations characteristics over time.

Natural Selection

independent organisms adapt to the environment. ability to survive and reproduce

gene pool

the total genetic info in a population, all alleles and genes

genetic drift

 triangle in allele frequencies due to random events/ chances.

homologous

similar structure to evolution  

analogous

different evolution but has the same function

vestigial

species share ancestry with some that have functional form of structure. But considered to have lost much or all of their original

adaptations

improve ability to survive and reproduce

structural

parts of an organisms body (exterior)

ex/ fur, color, claws

behavioral

activities an animal does to survive

physiological

something internal that is used as a weapon

cladogram

branching diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationships between different groups of organisms

Ecology

the study of interactions of an organism with one another and their environment

limiting factors

environment has a limited amount of recourses so the population can grow without stopping

carrying capacity

the bigger the environment the bigger population (carrying capacity help limiting functions keep track of ho big it can be)

food chain

A food chain is a linear representation of who eats whom in an ecosystem, illustrating the flow of energy and nutrients from one organism to another.

food web

A food web is realistic representation, demonstrating that most organisms have multiple food sources and consumers. 

producers

mostly plants that use photosynthesis which is sunlight to make food

consumers

get every by nation the producers or other animal

ex/ carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, decomposers

energy pyramid

tropic levels: producers, primary, secondary, tertiary

10% rule: 100%—10%—1%—0.01%

4 main interactions

competition: relationship with organisms that use the resources provided in there environment.

Preditor adaptation

capture prey efficiently with camouflage, offensive chemicals, speed

prey adaptations

camouflage, arming coloration, defensive chemicals to protect them from predators ybs

symbiotic (3 types)

a close longterm relationship with 2+ species

• both benefit

• one benefits and the other is unaffected

• one benefits and one is harmed

coevolution

the relationship between organisms that change over time because of being in a different place for too long.

succesion

Primary= first species to appear in an area for migration (pioneer species)

Secondary= after a disturbance from the primary succession everything gets destroyed but it can rebuild.