Virginia, Souther Colonies, New England Colonies, and the Middle Colonies (Lecture 4-5)

Northwest Passage

a waterway through or around North America
- between Greenland and Canada

Cartier

-French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river

Henry Hudson

- explored the northwest passage
- discovers Hudson Bay in 1609
- does not find the passage

Daniel Champlain

- founded the city of Quebec in 1608

De La Salle

-First European to go down Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico--Father of Louisiana Territory
- calls new land "Louisiana"

When was St. Augustine founded?

1565

When was Santa Fe established?

1610

How were colonies founded?

-royal proprietorships (King's personal friends who governed colonies)
- The Missionary System

Francis Drake

- English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe in 1580
- helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)
- Becomes a privateer (legal pirate)

Spanish Armada

The great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588; defeated by the terrible winds and fire ships.

Virginia Company (1606)

-Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.
- given by King James

When do colonists sail the new worl?

1607

Jamestown (1607)

-The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

Who was the leader of Jamestown?

John Smith

John Smith

- Jamestown prospers because of him
- tells the fake story of Pocahontas

Pocahontas

- A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe,

John Smith Incident

- colonists hated smith and caused the "accident"
- the colonists go back into the starving period after the injury of smith

When is martial law imposed by the Virginia Company?

1611

When do battles between Indians and colonists start?

1617

When does Virginia become a royal colony?

-1624
- 1st official colony

King Charles II (1660-1685)

-He "restored" the monarchy in England. He would encourage new American colonies, known as the Restoration Colonies, including Carolina, New York, and Pennsylvania
- pass the navigation acts

Who founded Maryland?

Calvert Family

Clavert Family

- part of cheesapeake region
- catholic
- Maryland is named after Queen Mary

When was Maryland founded?

1632

Carolina

-Colony (ultimately split in two) used as outpost for West Indies trade. Where American slavery is said to have started.
- southern colony

When was Carolina founded?

1663

Who founded the Carolinas?

John Berkely and Sir John Colleton

Who founded Georgia?

James Oglethorpe

When was Georgia founded?

1733

Why was Georgia founded?

Profit; home for debtors; buffer against Spanish Florida

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Separatists/Pilgrims

people who wanted to have freedom to worship at their own church.

Pilgrims

-English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620

On what ship did the Pilgrims travel to Plymouth?

Mayflower

Who was the leader of mayflower?

William Bradford

Where do the pilgrims first land?

Cape Cod

What were the pilgrims running low on?

Beer

Why does Plymouth not become an official colony

-they never got a royal charter

Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Samoset

first Indian to welcome the Pilgrims

Squanto

Native American who helped the English colonists in Massachusetts develop agricultural techniques and served as an interpreter between the colonists and the Wampanoag.

Fall of 1621

-First Thanksgiving
- Wanpognae show up to Plymouth
- fest lasted 3 days

Congregationalists/Puritans

Puritans who wanted to reform the Anglican church from within

Massachusetts Bay Company

joint-stock company chartered by Charles I in 1629. It was controlled by Non-Separatists who took the charter with them to New England and, in effect, converted it into a written constitution for the colony.

Massachusetts

- becomes colony in 1629
- original colony
- puritans come over in 1630

Arabella

Ship the Puritans sailed on to get to North America

John Winthrop

Puritan leader who became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

John Winthrop saying

"We shall be as a city on a hill" Meaning to be the best

King Charles II (1660-1685) AD

He "restored" the monarchy in England. He would encourage new American colonies, known as the Restoration Colonies, including Carolina, New York, and Pennsylvania.
- chartered Rhode Island and Connecticut

Who founded Rhode Island?

Roger Williams

Why was Rhode Island founded?

Rhode Island was founded so that people could freely practice different religions.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

New Hampshire

- charted with Massachusetts but splits
- 1679 NH splits and becomes a colony

Who founded New Hampshire?

Massachusetts Bay Company

Pequots Tribe

- accused of the murder of 2 men in 1636
- Victims of Mystic Massacre (near Mystic River)

Pequot War (1637)

An armed conflict in 1637 led to the destruction of one of New England's most powerful Indian groups.
- ended by treaty of Hartford

What treaty ended the Pequot war?

Treaty of Hartford

King Philip's War

1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip.
- Metacomet

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

Armed rebellion in Virginia against Governor William Berkeley, who had the support of the British government. Forces from England came to Virginia to suppress the resistance and reform the colonial government to one that was more directly under royal control.

New Jersey and Deleware

other Quaker settlements and part of 13 colonies

New York

Settled by the Dutch and originally called New Amsterdam
- king Charles ignores the Dutch claim and gifts New York to his brother: Duke of York

Who is New York named after?

James, Duke of York

Pennsylvania

- Founded in 1680 by William Penn
Promoted tolerance and equality
- Quakers-Pacifists
- Pennsylvania is called "peens-wood"
- city of brotherly love

Glorious Revolution

- Throne is passed to James Duke of York
- the glorious revolution is the overthrow of King James II of England

Leisler's Rebellion (1689-1691)

-an ill- starred bloody insurgency in New York City took place between landholders and merchants.
- started by Jacob Leisler's
- opposed the governor of New York