CHE 2C Midterm 2 Material

Why are some alkali metals often used to produce color in fireworks?

The change in E matches wavelengths of visible light, giving off color.

The weak bonding of alkali metals causes it to be ______ metals, have ____ densities, and _____ melting points.

low, soft, low

Oxide Ion

O^2-

Peroxide Ion

O₂^2-

Superoxide Ion

O₂^-

Hydrogen becomes liquid at what temperature?

20K

Why does hydrogen need such a low temperature to become liquid?

low London forces

What are alkaline earth metals generally reactive towards?

water and air

Alkaline earth metals have _______ densities, _______ mps, and ______ bps.

low, low, low

Alkaline earth metals are ________ substances that do not decompose upon heating.

insoluble

How are alkaline earth metals generally produced?

reduction or electrolysis

What is concrete made of?

CaO+sand+gravel+water

What is chalk or limestone made of?

calcium carbonate

At high temperatures, what does chalk or limestone decompose to form?

quicklime and carbon dioxide gas

What is the most abundant metal?

Aluminum

What is the most abundant nonmetal?

O2

Group 13 elements (Al, Ga, In, Tl)

Icosagen

Dimers

the joining of two identical or similar monomers

Inert Pair Effect

s electrons are sometimes so unreactive that they become inert and are essentially considered core electrons (doesn’t react)

Common oxidation state of icosagens

+1 and +3

Group 14 elements (Pb and Sn)

Tetragens

Common oxidation states of tetragens

+2 and +4

Primary Intermolecular Force of He

LDF