Community Terms

Community Dental Health

health

health

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being; not just merely the absence of disease

Public health

the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency within a population through organized community efforts

Public health focus

concern for protecting the health of the entire health population and not just individuals; “doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people”

Dental Public Health

the science and art of preventing and controlling oral diseases and promoting oral health through organized community efforts; serving community rather than individuals; specialized to the field of dentistry

Dental Public Health includes:

oral health education on public, applied research, administration of group dental health care programs, prevention and control of dental diseases on a community basis

When public health began, was dentistry a major part of it?

no, dentistry did not play a significant part; it was a very broad spectrum of overall health. Trying to prevent communicable diseases from spreading

Dr. Levi Spear Parmly

recommended to American Society of Dental Surgeons a daily oral regimen to promote among patients, 1819.

When was the onset of the oral hygiene movement?

1843

When was the term “prophylaxis” first used?

1870

Dr. A Arthur (Baltimore, Maryland)

advocated for hygiene as part of the practice of dentistry; 1871

Dr. Alfred C. Fones

“founder of dental hygiene”, trained Irene Newman to do prophys, 1906 (Irene is Fones’ cousin)

When was the term “dental hygiene” coined?

1913

Dr. Fones started first courses for hygiene in Bridgeport, CT when?

1913

27 women graduated from Dr. Fones’ program

1914

First dental hygiene license issued to who and when?

Irene Newman, 1917

Dental Public Health areas of interest:

lifestyle, environment, human biology

Change agent

lobbying for change, legislative involvement

consumer advocate

consultant for target populations

administrator

coordinator for health programs

researcher

conducts studies (health, disease, epidemiology…)

educator

promotes dental health

clinician

offers clinical care

primary role of a public health RDH:

prevention through education!!

prevention through education includes:

health fairs, school presentations, conferences, table clinics, community water fluoridation, public health sealant programs…

dental education of the public:

health fairs, school presentations

education of the dental profession:

conferences, table clinics

application of dental research:

community water fluoridation, public health sealant programs

administration of group dental care programs:

state or local dental public health departments, state director of dental public health

prevention and control of diseases on a community basis

promotion of optimum oral health in the public

public health services:

those interventions that help attain public health goals (fluorides/fluoridation, athletic mouth guards, xylitol, nutritional counseling, education and promotion, sealants, early detection, tobacco cessation)

stages of prevention

primary, secondary, tertiary

primary prevention

services to prevent a disease before it occurs (health education, avoidance of disease, fl2 varnish, tobacco cessation, etc)

secondary prevention

services designed to slow progression of a disease or its symptoms at any point after its inception. Detection and treatment of disease/injury ASAP to halt/slow progression.

tertiary prevention

more restorative/DDS. Designed to soften impact of an ongoing illness/injury, that has lasting effects by helping manage long-term, often complex health problems (chronic diseases, permanent impairments) to improve ability to function, quality of life, life expectancy.

ADPIE

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluate, Documentation

Assessment:

Community oral health needs, demographics, community resources

goal

broad

objective

more specific; needs to be measurable

formative

on-going; provide checks and balances as you go through the program

summative

upon completion, what would you have done differently… upon reflection. AFTER YOU’VE COMPLETED IT, RELFECTING ON IT.

which area was most focused on in early community DH?

northeast; Ivy league colleges, higher population

health education

educational interventions designed to help individuals or groups learn new health info and health behaviors; a process of communicating evidence-based methods of disease prevention and encouraging responsibility for self-care

health promotion

the science and art of helping change the lifestyle of individuals and society to attain optimal health, which places an emphasis on improving quantity and quality of life for all and enables people to improve their health, including the use of preventative, educational, or administrative policy, program, or law

Health Belief Model

a theory that suggests that behaviors are directed by perception and beliefs of susceptibility, severity, beneficial behaviors, and the absence of barriers to action; suggests whether a person engages in preventive health actions depends on these beliefs

components of the Health Belief Model

Susceptibility

Severity

Beneficial

Benefits

Susceptibility

belief that individual is susceptible to a given disease or condition

Severity

belief that the disease will have an impact of at least moderate severity or seriousness on their life

Beneficial

belief that there are effective actions that can be taken to reduce the risk or control of the disease

Benefits

belief that the benefits of the recommended action outweigh the risks; the “cure isn’t worse than the kill”

#1 barrier to learning

fear (of not fitting in, not being successful, fear of unknown…)

barriers to learning

economic/financial, upbringing, language, inability to read, educational level, lack of motivation, FEAR

elements to the educational process

Identify the needs

Establish measurable objectives

Design learning experiences

Evaluate objective completion

behavioral objectives

brief, clear statements that describe instructional intent in terms of desired learning outcome; short-term, precise statements that build cumulatively to a goal.

learning styles

characteristic processing of information and way of feeling and behaving in learning situations

Types of Learning Styles

visual, auditory, kinesthetic

Evaluation Mechanisms

Cognitive, Psychomotor, Affective

Cognitive

pre and post-tests

Psychomotor

physical/skill test

Affective

non-tangible; employability points

Learning Ladder

a learning theory concept suggesting that people learn in a linear series of sequential steps, moving away from ignorance toward acquisition of information and adaption of a new behavior

Learning Ladder Steps (MEMORIZE)

Unaware, Awareness, Self-Interest, Involvement, Action, Habit

Way to remember learning ladder steps

Ugly Apes Sit In A Hut

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

the human motivation theory that suggests inner forces (needs) drive a person into action and that some needs take precedence over others

steps of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiologic, Security and safety, social needs, esteem/ego needs, self actualization/self realization

Learning opportunity

the mechanism of achieving instructional objectives

Learning opportunities include:

methods (Powerpoint, demonstration) and materials (paper copies for everyone; be specific with number)