APWH Unit 2

14th century Muslim trader who was displeased with the syncretic nature of Islam

Ibn Battuta

1st great trading state in W Africa

Ghana

a great city and the center of the Umayyad caliphite in Spain was

Cordoba

a law code that provides believers of Islam with a set o practical laws to reulate their daily lives

shari'ah

a pilgrimage to Mecca

the Hajj

A religious tradition that blends Hindu and Islamic elements.

Sikhism

a revolt led by Hussein aganist the early Umayyad led to...

a split in Islam between Sunni and Shia

advisor to the caliph, especially during the regal Abbasid dynasty

vizier

agricultural society inspired by Tang China, built its capital as replica of Chang'an, merged Buddhism & Confucianism into their own traditional beliefs (Shinto) - who is it?

Japan

an east African civilization that emerged in the 8th century from a blend of Bantu, Islamic and other Indian Ocean trade elements

Swahili

Angkor Wat in SE Asia is an example of cultural diffusion from ____.

India

Arabic name for Spain conquered by Arab and Berber forces from north Africa

al-Andalus

Arabs trace their ancestry to Abraham and through his son...

Ishmael

Aztec professional merchants

pochteca

Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and reiterated Chinese superiority

tribute system

Cite two innovations that "migrated" from South Asia to the greater Afro-Eurasian world.

the decimal and the concept of zero

crucial factor for trade across the Sahara for the Berbers

camels (caravans)

Describe the Incan empire's relationship with trade.

it exerted state control

Describe the view of women in the Quran.

the are spiritually equal to men, but socially subordinate

Excellence in art and literature during the Tang and Song dynasties earns this period the title of the _____ of China.

"golden age"

great city in west Africa noted as a center of Islamic learning

Timbuktu

How and among whom was Islam transmitted and accepted in west Africa?

via trade routes, among urban elites

How did Arab Muslims perpetuate Greek and Roman culture?

by preserving their works in writing in Arab libraries and museums

in 1169, takes control of Egypt proclaiming himself sultan ending the Fatimid dynasty, was Muslim ruler during the Crusades

Saladin

In 732 A.D., Arab forces were stopped in Gaul at the Battle of _________, which prevented further Islamic expansion into Europe.

Tours

In addition to a variety of animals for domestication, what else made long-distance trade in the Americas difficult?

the lack of wheeled vehicles

Islamic education created by the ____ helped unite the Islamic world.

ulama

Italian merchant who describes many cities in China to the outside world

Marco Polo

Japanese statesman who launched the drive to make Japan into a centralized state

Shotuku Taishi

kingdom in Malay peninsula that dominated trade in this strategic strait

Srivajaya

location of important trading cities such as Mombasa, Kilwa, Mogadishu

east African coastal (Swahili) city-states

means "peace through submission to the will of Allah"

Islam

most widely traveled Arab who describe many places in Africa

Ibn Battuta

Music and storytelling used to pass down African history is the job of a ....

griot

Muslims allowed conquered people to maintain their own religious practices as long as they ____.

paid a tax (jizya)

Name at least three Arab innovations.

algebra, astronomy, the astrolabe, medical practices

Name four groups that actually required "tribute" from China in order to prevent them from attacking.

Xiongnu, Uighurs, Khitan, Jurchen

Name four technological developments of the Tang & Song Dynasties.

high-quality porcelain, stronger iron, gunpowder, printing technology

Name the 5 pillars of Islam.

faith, prayer, fasting, alms-giving, pilgrimage

name the three empires of West Africa (in order)

Ghana, Mali, Songhai

Name three innovations that improved travel in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Ocean.

the compass, lateen sail, and astrolabe

Name two innovations that spread from China to the rest of Eurasia.

printing and gunpowder

Name ways that women in Islam were not helped by the Quran.

The Quran: emphasized male dominance, control of women by male guardians, up to four wives were allowed, women were veiled in public

official religion in Axum after 300 AD

Christianity

powerful state in southeast Africa that emerged as a result of Indian Ocean trade

Great Zimbabwe

regal and devout Muslim leader of Mali

Mansa Musa

religious experts, judges who resolved local disputes and set moral standards in the Abbasid empire

the ulama

replaced the landed aristocracy in Chinese society in the Tang and Song eras

scholar- gentry

revived Chinese philosophy that responded to the challenge of Buddhism and Daoism during the Song dynasty and beyond

neo-Confucianism

the holy book of Islam

Quran

the mix of Arabian and African culture and language predominant in southern Africa is known as...

Swahili

The most intense interaction in the Afro-Eurasian world was during the rule of the _____.

Mongols

The roots of Swahili civilization lie in the ____ culture.

Bantu

These mystics emphasized union with Allah rather than the law and thereby facilitates conversion in Anatolia and India.

the Sufi

this became an important trading city and center for intellectual learning during the Sonhai empire

Timbuktu (Tombouctou)

This group of nomadic people from central Asia were hired as soldiers for the Fatamid Dynasty in Egypt and eventually gained control of the Abbasid Empire at Baghdad.

Seljuk Turks

True or False: The role of women changed very little from the beginning of Islam to the 15th century.

False. It changed dramatically from religious equality to seclusion and clothing.

True or False. Muhammad built on the religious tradition already present in the Arabian peninsula.

True. Allah was already a god among the polytheistic practices. Muhammad also build upon pre-existing Jewish, Christian and Zoroastrian principles.

True or False. The Meso-American and Andean civilizations had direct contact with one another.

FALSE

Under which dynasty did the Islamic Empire reach the height of cultural achievement?

the Abbasid dynasty

What contributed to military failures of the Song Dynasty?

the lack of military experience of the scholar-gentry

What did the Chinese put in practice in order to claim superiority and the position of the center of the world order?

the tribute system

What effect did the Silk Road have on Buddhism?

Buddhism began to incorporate the gods of Silk Road peoples a bodhisattvas.

What elements created a cultural connection between China and Korea?

Confucianism and Buddhism

What encouraged the move from an agricultural economy to an export-oriented economy in China?

China's participation in Indian Ocean trade

What evidence betrays the fact that women's lives were less free under the Song dynasty than the Tang dynasty?

the practice of foot-binding

What happened to goods produced by Chinese peasants once the Silk Road emerged?

they shifted production from staple goods to luxury goods

What led to the Sunni/Shia split in Islam?

The inability to agree on who should be the successor to Muhammad and the four Rightly Guided Caliphs.

What part of Africa gained a reputation for great riches?

the states of West Africa (Ghana, Mali, Songhay)

What parts of society in India embraced Islam? Why?

those members of lower Hindu castes and disenfranchised Buddhists because of the emphasis on equality

What precious mineral was richly deposited in the Sahara.

salt, gold

What technical innovation contributes to the economic revolution in China during the Tang and Song period?

a networks of canals that provided cheap transportation of goods

When Japan began to decentralize, what emerged societally?

the warrior class - samurai

which division in Indian Buddhism believes that Buddhism is a religion and Buddha is divine

Mahayana Buddhism

Which Islamic dynasty only allowed Arab officials in the highest levels of government?

the Umayyad dynasty

Which of the SE Asian Nations was conquered and heavily influenced by China?

Vietnam