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14th century Muslim trader who was displeased with the syncretic nature of Islam
Ibn Battuta
1st great trading state in W Africa
Ghana
a great city and the center of the Umayyad caliphite in Spain was
Cordoba
a law code that provides believers of Islam with a set o practical laws to reulate their daily lives
shari'ah
a pilgrimage to Mecca
the Hajj
A religious tradition that blends Hindu and Islamic elements.
Sikhism
a revolt led by Hussein aganist the early Umayyad led to...
a split in Islam between Sunni and Shia
advisor to the caliph, especially during the regal Abbasid dynasty
vizier
agricultural society inspired by Tang China, built its capital as replica of Chang'an, merged Buddhism & Confucianism into their own traditional beliefs (Shinto) - who is it?
Japan
an east African civilization that emerged in the 8th century from a blend of Bantu, Islamic and other Indian Ocean trade elements
Swahili
Angkor Wat in SE Asia is an example of cultural diffusion from ____.
India
Arabic name for Spain conquered by Arab and Berber forces from north Africa
al-Andalus
Arabs trace their ancestry to Abraham and through his son...
Ishmael
Aztec professional merchants
pochteca
Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and reiterated Chinese superiority
tribute system
Cite two innovations that "migrated" from South Asia to the greater Afro-Eurasian world.
the decimal and the concept of zero
crucial factor for trade across the Sahara for the Berbers
camels (caravans)
Describe the Incan empire's relationship with trade.
it exerted state control
Describe the view of women in the Quran.
the are spiritually equal to men, but socially subordinate
Excellence in art and literature during the Tang and Song dynasties earns this period the title of the _____ of China.
"golden age"
great city in west Africa noted as a center of Islamic learning
Timbuktu
How and among whom was Islam transmitted and accepted in west Africa?
via trade routes, among urban elites
How did Arab Muslims perpetuate Greek and Roman culture?
by preserving their works in writing in Arab libraries and museums
in 1169, takes control of Egypt proclaiming himself sultan ending the Fatimid dynasty, was Muslim ruler during the Crusades
Saladin
In 732 A.D., Arab forces were stopped in Gaul at the Battle of _________, which prevented further Islamic expansion into Europe.
Tours
In addition to a variety of animals for domestication, what else made long-distance trade in the Americas difficult?
the lack of wheeled vehicles
Islamic education created by the ____ helped unite the Islamic world.
ulama
Italian merchant who describes many cities in China to the outside world
Marco Polo
Japanese statesman who launched the drive to make Japan into a centralized state
Shotuku Taishi
kingdom in Malay peninsula that dominated trade in this strategic strait
Srivajaya
location of important trading cities such as Mombasa, Kilwa, Mogadishu
east African coastal (Swahili) city-states
means "peace through submission to the will of Allah"
Islam
most widely traveled Arab who describe many places in Africa
Ibn Battuta
Music and storytelling used to pass down African history is the job of a ....
griot
Muslims allowed conquered people to maintain their own religious practices as long as they ____.
paid a tax (jizya)
Name at least three Arab innovations.
algebra, astronomy, the astrolabe, medical practices
Name four groups that actually required "tribute" from China in order to prevent them from attacking.
Xiongnu, Uighurs, Khitan, Jurchen
Name four technological developments of the Tang & Song Dynasties.
high-quality porcelain, stronger iron, gunpowder, printing technology
Name the 5 pillars of Islam.
faith, prayer, fasting, alms-giving, pilgrimage
name the three empires of West Africa (in order)
Ghana, Mali, Songhai
Name three innovations that improved travel in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Ocean.
the compass, lateen sail, and astrolabe
Name two innovations that spread from China to the rest of Eurasia.
printing and gunpowder
Name ways that women in Islam were not helped by the Quran.
The Quran: emphasized male dominance, control of women by male guardians, up to four wives were allowed, women were veiled in public
official religion in Axum after 300 AD
Christianity
powerful state in southeast Africa that emerged as a result of Indian Ocean trade
Great Zimbabwe
regal and devout Muslim leader of Mali
Mansa Musa
religious experts, judges who resolved local disputes and set moral standards in the Abbasid empire
the ulama
replaced the landed aristocracy in Chinese society in the Tang and Song eras
scholar- gentry
revived Chinese philosophy that responded to the challenge of Buddhism and Daoism during the Song dynasty and beyond
neo-Confucianism
the holy book of Islam
Quran
the mix of Arabian and African culture and language predominant in southern Africa is known as...
Swahili
The most intense interaction in the Afro-Eurasian world was during the rule of the _____.
Mongols
The roots of Swahili civilization lie in the ____ culture.
Bantu
These mystics emphasized union with Allah rather than the law and thereby facilitates conversion in Anatolia and India.
the Sufi
this became an important trading city and center for intellectual learning during the Sonhai empire
Timbuktu (Tombouctou)
This group of nomadic people from central Asia were hired as soldiers for the Fatamid Dynasty in Egypt and eventually gained control of the Abbasid Empire at Baghdad.
Seljuk Turks
True or False: The role of women changed very little from the beginning of Islam to the 15th century.
False. It changed dramatically from religious equality to seclusion and clothing.
True or False. Muhammad built on the religious tradition already present in the Arabian peninsula.
True. Allah was already a god among the polytheistic practices. Muhammad also build upon pre-existing Jewish, Christian and Zoroastrian principles.
True or False. The Meso-American and Andean civilizations had direct contact with one another.
FALSE
Under which dynasty did the Islamic Empire reach the height of cultural achievement?
the Abbasid dynasty
What contributed to military failures of the Song Dynasty?
the lack of military experience of the scholar-gentry
What did the Chinese put in practice in order to claim superiority and the position of the center of the world order?
the tribute system
What effect did the Silk Road have on Buddhism?
Buddhism began to incorporate the gods of Silk Road peoples a bodhisattvas.
What elements created a cultural connection between China and Korea?
Confucianism and Buddhism
What encouraged the move from an agricultural economy to an export-oriented economy in China?
China's participation in Indian Ocean trade
What evidence betrays the fact that women's lives were less free under the Song dynasty than the Tang dynasty?
the practice of foot-binding
What happened to goods produced by Chinese peasants once the Silk Road emerged?
they shifted production from staple goods to luxury goods
What led to the Sunni/Shia split in Islam?
The inability to agree on who should be the successor to Muhammad and the four Rightly Guided Caliphs.
What part of Africa gained a reputation for great riches?
the states of West Africa (Ghana, Mali, Songhay)
What parts of society in India embraced Islam? Why?
those members of lower Hindu castes and disenfranchised Buddhists because of the emphasis on equality
What precious mineral was richly deposited in the Sahara.
salt, gold
What technical innovation contributes to the economic revolution in China during the Tang and Song period?
a networks of canals that provided cheap transportation of goods
When Japan began to decentralize, what emerged societally?
the warrior class - samurai
which division in Indian Buddhism believes that Buddhism is a religion and Buddha is divine
Mahayana Buddhism
Which Islamic dynasty only allowed Arab officials in the highest levels of government?
the Umayyad dynasty
Which of the SE Asian Nations was conquered and heavily influenced by China?
Vietnam
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