Studied by 8 people
Ct: tia, cait, moi, luj, sheb
Human Dignity
an intangible idea of one’s self respect, self-esteem, and self-regard
“all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”
Article I of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Protection of human dignity
Commission on Human Rights (CHR)
Human Rights
a concept which guarantees equality, freedom from degrading behavior, discrimination, and prejudicial views.
Human Rights
a set of privileges as a human
Groups
The need for common interests to necessitate interaction with each other.
Social Aggregate
A collection of people who happened to be together in a particular place
Social Aggregate
No significant interaction or identity with one another
Social Categories
People who share a common characteristic
Social Categories
Does not necessarily interact or identify with one another
Social Group
Collection of people who regularly interact with one another on basis of shared
Primary Group
Small group
Primary Group
Direct and personal interaction characterized by personal orientation, long-term relationships, and broadly-defined relationships
Primary Group
Tremendous influence in individual members
Secondary Groups
Members have casual contact
Secondary Groups
Short-term and variable relationships
Secondary Groups
Narrowly-defined relationships
Reference Groups
serve as a point of reference in one’s decision making and evaluation
Reference Groups
Provides a standard
Reference Groups
Serve as models for decisions we make
In Group
Strong involvement
Out-Group
groups you do not identify with
Out-Group
Feelings of competition or opposition
Out-Group
Tendency to dislike or reject people outside of your group
Conformity within Groups
When members seek satisfaction by being like the other members
Solomon Asch's Research
People want to be liked by the group
Solomon Asch's Research
They believe the group is better informed than they are
Solomon Asch's Research
Involves acting or agreeing with the majority in a specific group and behaving in a way that is seen as usual by those people
Stanley Milgram’s Research
Explored the willingness of individuals to follow the orders of authorities when those orders conflict with the individual's own moral judgment
Stanley Milgram’s Research
People obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative--even when acting against their own better judgment and desires
Stanley Milgram’s Research
His research demonstrated how far people will go to obey authority
State
has its own government
State
a political concept
People
composed of both males and females for the purpose of reproduction
Territory
inhabitants have the responsibility to protect and conserve it.
Government
the body where people, through representatives, can express their desires.
Government
should be established by the people themselves
Sovereignty
supreme power of the state to rule itself without interference from other states
Sovereignty
a state is an independent entity where people enjoy freedom
Nation
refers to the people who have a common origin, language, beliefs, and customs
Nation
an ethnic concept
Divine Right Theory
The state was created by God for the people
Social Contract Theory
people agreed to establish the state for their common benefit
Force Theory
state was established through the use of force in order for people to follow
Government
makes laws, policies, and programs for the state
Government
protects the national territory and the people from invaders and lawless elements with the help of the Armed Forces
Direct Democracy
the power of the government is exercised directly by the people
Indirect Democracy
the power of the government is exercised by the people through representatives
Absolute Monarchy
power of the government is in the hands of a monarch
Absolute Monarchy
succeeding kings (monarchs) would also come from the same bloodline
Limited Monarchy
AKA Constitutional Monarchy
Limited Monarchy
power of the government is based on what is written in the constitution
Aristocracy/Oligarchy
the power of the government is in the hands of the wealthiest/privileged class
Dictatorial/Authoritarian
power is exercised and controlled by one person or a small group of people there is no freedom in this type of government
The Philippine Government
“The Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authorities emanate from them.” Section 1 Article 2 of the 1987 Constitution
Legislative
enact, amend, and repeal laws
Legislative
can also investigate in aid of legislation, decide electoral controversies through the Electoral tribunal (decides on all contests on the election, returns, and qualifications of the Members of Senate), confirm appointments made by the president
Senate
includes 24 senators headed by the Senate president
Executive
in-charge with the administration of laws and of the state
Executive
headed by the president and is assisted by the vice president
Judiciary
Interprets the law
Judiciary
includes the Supreme Court and the lower courts
Political Parties
organizations supporting common ideologies, principles, and policies for the general administration of the government
Political Parties
primary goal is to gain control of the government
Cadre Parties
members come from elite local organizations
Mass Parties
Cause-oriented
Mass Parties
Involvement comes from the quest to create public policy from their policy preference
Social Inequality by Unequal Distribution of Wealth
When resources and wealth of a country are improperly allocated, there would be people who get more and others would get less
Poverty
a result of unequal distribution of wealth
Capitalists and Oligarchs
Exploit wealth and enjoy economic and social privileges
Gender Equality Issues
Gender equality is achieved when both men and women benefit from the same rights and opportunities
Indigenous Cultural Communities
IP communities, generally located in distinct ancestral territories, have high rates of unemployment, underemployment, and illiteracy.
Indigenous People
are a group of people who have continuously lived as organized communities bound and defined by territory, and who have occupied, possessed customs, tradition, and other distinct cultural traits
Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
Discrimination can be because of race, color, social status, or impairment
The Plight of Filipino Laborers
Labor is the primary social economic force and as such workers’ rights and welfare should be promoted
Armed Conflict in the Southern Philippines
The conflict in Mindanao have been fighting not only for regional autonomy but for complete separation from the Philippines
Globalization
States integrate with one another to establish strong economic cooperation
Neoliberalism
An effect of globalization where it favors the deregulation of markets and industries, the lowering of taxes and tariffs, and the privatization of government functions, passing them over to private business
Global warming
Increase in Earth’s average temperature due to greenhouse gasses
Climate change
long-term change in the Earth’s climate
Citizen
Members of a political community
Citizen
Submits themselves to the government to promote common good and for the protection of rights
Government
Responsible for protecting the interests of its people
Social Mobility
the movement of people, individual or group, into social stratification
Open system
movement without social constrictions, status is acquired through merit
Closed system
movement is restricted by social norms, status is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily
Vertical
change in status leads to a change in position
Horizontal
Transition from one group to another but on the same level
Intergenerational
One generation changes status from previous generation
Intergenerational
Mobilization takes place in life span of one generation
Absolute
Living standards in society have changes
Relative
Movement from one class in comparison to another class
Education
The process of enhancing the holistic abilities of an individual toward becoming a responsible citizen
Education
Brings advancement to human intellect and behavior as one gains knowledge, skills, and values
Religion
The belief in and worship of a superhuman power or powers, especially a God or gods
Animism
The belief that spirits and supernaturals dwell everywhere and mostly have ties with nature
Christianity
The biggest religion in the country
Islam
The first organized religion to reach the Philippine Islands
Judaism
Began during the time of Abraham who received revelations from God or Yahweh
Separation of Church and State
During the Spanish colonization, the Church and the State were in union
Note 
Flashcard (39)