UCSP

Ct: tia, cait, moi, luj, sheb

Human Dignity

an intangible idea of one’s self respect, self-esteem, and self-regard

“all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”

Article I of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

Protection of human dignity

Commission on Human Rights (CHR)

Human Rights

a concept which guarantees equality, freedom from degrading behavior, discrimination, and prejudicial views.

Human Rights

a set of privileges as a human

Groups

The need for common interests to necessitate interaction with each other.

Social Aggregate

A collection of people who happened to be together in a particular place

Social Aggregate

No significant interaction or identity with one another

Social Categories

People who share a common characteristic

Social Categories

Does not necessarily interact or identify with one another

Social Group

Collection of people who regularly interact with one another on basis of shared

Primary Group

Small group

Primary Group

Direct and personal interaction characterized by personal orientation, long-term relationships, and broadly-defined relationships

Primary Group

Tremendous influence in individual members

Secondary Groups

Members have casual contact

Secondary Groups

Short-term and variable relationships

Secondary Groups

Narrowly-defined relationships

Reference Groups

serve as a point of reference in one’s decision making and evaluation

Reference Groups

Provides a standard

Reference Groups

Serve as models for decisions we make

In Group

Strong involvement

Out-Group

groups you do not identify with

Out-Group

Feelings of competition or opposition

Out-Group

Tendency to dislike or reject people outside of your group

Conformity within Groups

When members seek satisfaction by being like the other members

Solomon Asch's Research

People want to be liked by the group

Solomon Asch's Research

They believe the group is better informed than they are

Solomon Asch's Research

Involves acting or agreeing with the majority in a specific group and behaving in a way that is seen as usual by those people

Stanley Milgram’s Research

Explored the willingness of individuals to follow the orders of authorities when those orders conflict with the individual's own moral judgment

Stanley Milgram’s Research

People obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative--even when acting against their own better judgment and desires

Stanley Milgram’s Research

His research demonstrated how far people will go to obey authority

State

has its own government

State

a political concept

People

composed of both males and females for the purpose of reproduction

Territory

inhabitants have the responsibility to protect and conserve it.

Government

the body where people, through representatives, can express their desires.

Government

should be established by the people themselves

Sovereignty

supreme power of the state to rule itself without interference from other states

Sovereignty

a state is an independent entity where people enjoy freedom

Nation

refers to the people who have a common origin, language, beliefs, and customs

Nation

an ethnic concept

Divine Right Theory

The state was created by God for the people

Social Contract Theory

people agreed to establish the state for their common benefit

Force Theory

state was established through the use of force in order for people to follow

Government

makes laws, policies, and programs for the state

Government

protects the national territory and the people from invaders and lawless elements with the help of the Armed Forces

Direct Democracy

the power of the government is exercised directly by the people

Indirect Democracy

the power of the government is exercised by the people through representatives

Absolute Monarchy

power of the government is in the hands of a monarch

Absolute Monarchy

succeeding kings (monarchs) would also come from the same bloodline

Limited Monarchy

AKA Constitutional Monarchy

Limited Monarchy

power of the government is based on what is written in the constitution

Aristocracy/Oligarchy

the power of the government is in the hands of the wealthiest/privileged class

Dictatorial/Authoritarian

power is exercised and controlled by one person or a small group of people there is no freedom in this type of government

The Philippine Government

“The Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authorities emanate from them.” Section 1 Article 2 of the 1987 Constitution

Legislative

enact, amend, and repeal laws

Legislative

can also investigate in aid of legislation, decide electoral controversies through the Electoral tribunal (decides on all contests on the election, returns, and qualifications of the Members of Senate), confirm appointments made by the president

Senate

includes 24 senators headed by the Senate president

Executive

in-charge with the administration of laws and of the state

Executive

headed by the president and is assisted by the vice president

Judiciary

Interprets the law

Judiciary

includes the Supreme Court and the lower courts

Political Parties

organizations supporting common ideologies, principles, and policies for the general administration of the government

Political Parties

primary goal is to gain control of the government

Cadre Parties

members come from elite local organizations

Mass Parties

Cause-oriented

Mass Parties

Involvement comes from the quest to create public policy from their policy preference

Social Inequality by Unequal Distribution of Wealth

When resources and wealth of a country are improperly allocated, there would be people who get more and others would get less

Poverty

 a result of unequal distribution of wealth

Capitalists and Oligarchs

 Exploit wealth and enjoy economic and social privileges

Gender Equality Issues

Gender equality is achieved when both men and women benefit from the same rights and opportunities

Indigenous Cultural Communities

IP communities, generally located in distinct ancestral territories, have high rates of unemployment, underemployment, and illiteracy.

Indigenous People

are a group of people who have continuously lived as organized communities bound and defined by territory, and who have occupied, possessed customs, tradition, and other distinct cultural traits

Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities

Discrimination can be because of race, color, social status, or impairment

The Plight of Filipino Laborers

Labor is the primary social economic force and as such workers’ rights and welfare should be promoted

Armed Conflict in the Southern Philippines

The conflict in Mindanao have been fighting not only for regional autonomy but for complete separation from the Philippines

Globalization

States integrate with one another to establish strong economic cooperation

Neoliberalism

An effect of globalization where it favors the deregulation of markets and industries, the lowering of taxes and tariffs, and the privatization of government functions, passing them over to private business

Global warming

Increase in Earth’s average temperature due to greenhouse gasses

Climate change

long-term change in the Earth’s climate

Citizen

Members of a political community

Citizen

Submits themselves to the government to promote common good and for the protection of rights

Government

Responsible for protecting the interests of its people

Social Mobility

the movement of people, individual or group, into social stratification

Open system

movement without social constrictions, status is acquired through merit

Closed system

movement is restricted by social norms, status is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily

Vertical

change in status leads to a change in position

Horizontal

Transition from one group to another but on the same level

Intergenerational

One generation changes status from previous generation

Intergenerational

Mobilization takes place in life span of one generation

Absolute

Living standards in society have changes

Relative

Movement from one class in comparison to another class

Education

The process of enhancing the holistic abilities of an individual toward becoming a responsible citizen

Education

Brings advancement to human intellect and behavior as one gains knowledge, skills, and values

Religion

The belief in and worship of a superhuman power or powers, especially a God or gods

Animism

The belief that spirits and supernaturals dwell everywhere and mostly have ties with nature

Christianity

The biggest religion in the country

Islam

The first organized religion to reach the Philippine Islands

Judaism

Began during the time of Abraham who received revelations from God or Yahweh

Separation of Church and State

During the Spanish colonization, the Church and the State were in union