AP World 5.2 - Atlantic Developments (copy)

Nationalism

A sense of commonality among people based on language, religion, social customs, and territory.

Radical Notion

The belief that human political and social arrangements can be engineered and improved by human actions.

American Revolution

A revolution (1775-89) that sought to preserve the existing liberties of the colonies rather than create new ones.

Popular Sovereignty

The principle that the government's authority is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives.

French Revolution

A period of radical social and political change in France from 1789 to 1815.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A fundamental document of the French Revolution that declared men are born free and equal in rights.

Reign of Terror

A period (1793-1794) during the French Revolution characterized by extreme political repression and mass executions.

Napoleon Bonaparte

French military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and became Emperor of France.

Haitian Revolution

A successful anti-colonial and anti-slavery insurrection that took place in the French colony of Saint Domingue from 1791 to 1804.

Creoles

Spanish-born elites who were resented for their privileges in the colonies, leading to Latin American independence movements.

Blood and Iron

A phrase used by Otto von Bismarck to describe his approach to unifying Germany through military means.

Otto von Bismarck

The Prime Minister of Prussia who played a key role in unifying Germany in the 19th century.

Treaty of Waitangi

The 1840 agreement that guaranteed individual Māori tribes undisturbed possession of their lands.

Ottomanism

An ideology aimed at unifying different ethnic and religious communities within the Ottoman Empire.

Simon Bolivar

A key leader in Latin American independence movements who sought to unite South America.

Guillotine

A device used for carrying out executions by beheading, notably during the French Revolution.

Self-Government

The principle that governs the right or capability of a community to govern itself.

Plebiscite

A direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal.

Coup d'état

A sudden and illegal seizure of power from a government.

Continental System

Napoleon's economic plan to weaken Britain by blockading British ports.

Guerrilla Warfare

A form of irregular warfare in which small groups use tactics like ambushes and raids.

Restoration of Catholicism

Napoleon's agreement with the pope to re-establish the Catholic Church's position in France.

Natural Rights

Rights inherent to all human beings, often cited during revolutionary movements.