Introduction to Psychology

These flashcards cover foundational concepts in psychology, differentiating legitimate psychological knowledge from pseudoscience and addressing historical developments in the field.

What is the definition of psychology?

Psychology is the discipline concerned with human behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment.

What distinguishes psychological research from pseudoscience?

Psychological research is based on empirical evidence, systematic observation, and scientific methods, whereas pseudoscience relies on unverified claims and common beliefs.

What are the two main categories of psychologists?

Research psychologists who generate new knowledge and psychologist-practitioners who apply existing research to improve daily life.

What is the aim of psychological science?

To understand, predict, and influence human thought, feelings, and behavior.

What are some common misconceptions about psychology?

Common misconceptions include the belief that psychology is just common sense or intuition.

What major challenges exist in studying psychology?

Individual differences, multiple determinism, and limited insight into human behavior.

What is the role of media in the portrayal of psychologists?

Media influences public perceptions of psychologists and can reflect and shape societal attitudes toward mental health.

What historical figure is credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory?

Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879.

What are the major levels of explanation in psychology?

Levels include biological, personal/interpersonal, and cultural/social explanations of psychological phenomena.

What is the importance of peer-reviewed articles in psychology?

Peer-reviewed articles ensure that psychological knowledge is constructed by trained experts and validated by the scholarly community.