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19th-Century Perspectives and Political Developments
Otto von Bismarck
A German statesman who unified Germany in the 19th century through a series of wars and diplomatic strategies. He served as the first Chancellor of the German Empire and was known for his realpolitik approach.
Embraced select liberal causes and embraced a nationalistic foreign policy
Dual-Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
A political entity formed in 1867 that united the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary under a two monarchies while maintaining separate parliaments and administrations.
Count of Cavour
An Italian politician, statesman, businessman, economist, and noble, and a leading figure in the movement towards Italian unification.
He made all European leaders agree to the Italian Unification at the Congress of Vienna.
Napoleon III
Popular president who got himself voted as Emperor of France and ruled as an autocrat (1852), but also supported liberal reforms; he modernized much of Paris and improved trade and infrastructure
Chauvinism and National Aggrandizement
National encouragements to one’s own nation. Either: Promoted a Nation to make it appear to have great power, or the excessive belief in one’s own nation’s superiority.
Pan-Slavism
Nationalist movement in which Slavic peoples from all over Europe sought to unite to further their cultural and political aspirations
Romantic Idealism
Romantic artists began idealizing the pasts of their countries.
Romantic artists, writers, and composers valued the experience of the common man. and
Zionism
A form of Jewish nationalism that developed as a result of Antisemitism. Movement for Jews to return to the historical land of Israel and create a homeland.
Racialism
The idea that race is a key determiner of a person’s moral or intellectual capacities and culture; i.e., racism.
Crimean War
