Internachi Ohio - Residential Structural Design for Home Inspectors Course

T/F: Load combinations provide the basic set of building load conditions that establish the proportioning of multiple transient loads that may assume point-in-time values when the load of interest attains its extreme design value.

A) False

B) True

True

As required to adequately define the loading condition, loads are presented in terms of uniform area loads (_____), concentrated loads (_____), and uniform live loads (_____).

A) kg? lbs? mm

B) lbs? psf? plf

C) psf? lbs? plf

psf? lbs? plf

Wind produces _____ on a structure at highly variable magnitudes.

A) static loads

B) non-static loads

non-static loads

_____ loads are produced by the use and occupancy of a building.

A) Live

B) Dead

C) Determinant

D) Conditional

Live

T/F: Openings formed in the building envelope during a major hurricane or tornado are often related to unprotected glazing, improperly fastened sheathing, or weak garage doors and their attachment to the building.

A) False

B) True

True

_____ loads consist of the permanent construction material loads comprising the roof, floor, wall, and foundation systems, including claddings, finishes, and fixed equipment.

A) Dead

B) Live

C) System

D) Framing

E) Wind

Dead

Roof overhangs _____ uplift loads on roof tie-downs and the framing members that support the overhangs.

A) increase

B) decrease

increase

T/F: One-story buildings are much more vulnerable to wind damage than two- and three-story buildings.

A) True

B) False

False

T/F: The lateral pressure exerted by earth backfill against a residential foundation wall (basement wall) can be calculated with reasonable accuracy on the basis of theory but only for conditions that rarely occur in practice, because theoretical analyses are usually based on homogeneous materials that demonstrate consistent compaction and behavioral properties.

A) True

B) False

True

The concrete slab on grade is the most popular foundation type in the _____ of the United States.

A) Midwest

B) Northwest

C) Northeast

D) Southeast

Southeast

T/F: Piles can be used to isolate a structure from expansive soil movements.

A) False

B) True

True

Crawlspaces are common in the Northwest.

A) True

B) False

True

Steel reinforcement is available in Grade 40 or Grade 60, and most reinforcement in the U.S. market today is Grade _____.

A) 60

B) 40

grade 60

T/F: The density of unreinforced normal weight concrete ranges between 144 and 156 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) and is typically assumed to be 150 pcf.

A) False

B) True

True

T/F: The most common steel reinforcement or rebar sizes in residential construction are No. 3, No. 4, and No. 5, which correspond to diameters of 3/8-inch, 1/2-inch, and 5/8-inch, respectively.

A) False

B) True

True

A _____ is a building foundation that uses a perimeter foundation wall to create an under-floor space that is not habitable; the interior crawlspace elevation may or may not be below the exterior finish grade.

A) post and pier

B) crawlspace

C) monolithic slab

D) slab

Crawlspace

_____ is the measure of concrete consistency; the higher the slump, the wetter the concrete and the easier it flows.

A) Hump

B) Slump

C) Dump

D) Pour Ratio Level (PRL)

E) Bump

Slump

A _____ with an independent stem wall is a concrete floor supported by the soil independently of the rest of the building.

A) slab on grade

B) basement

C) pile and grade beam

D) monolithic

E) crawlspace

Slab on grade

Given that concrete strength increases at a diminishing rate with time, the specified compressive strength is usually associated with the strength attained after _____ of curing time, at which time, concrete generally attains about 85% of its fully cured compressive strength.

A) 24 hours

B) 2 years

C) 7 days

D) 28 days

28 days

T/F: Post-and-pier foundations can provide an economical alternative to crawlspace perimeter wall construction.

A) False

B) True

True

Basement foundations are common in Florida.

A) True

B) False

False

T/F: Residential foundation walls are typically constructed with a general-purpose Portland cement used for the vast majority of construction projects.

A) False

B) True

True

_____ foundations are commonly used in coastal flood zones to elevate structures above flood levels, in weak or expansive soils to reach a stable stratum, and on steeply sloped sites.

A) Pile

B) Basement

C) Stem wall

D) Slab

Pile

T/F: A foundation transfers the load of a structure to the earth and resists loads imposed by the earth.

A) True

B) False

true

Concrete masonry units (CMU) are commonly referred to as_____, and they are composed of Portland cement, aggregate and water.

A) stoneware

B) masonry blocks

C) stone block

D) concrete blocks

E) red brick

concrete blocks

The concrete compressive strength used in residential construction is typically either_____, although other values may be specified.

A) 500 or 750 psi

B) 2,000 or 3,000 lbs

C) 1,000 or 1,500 spf

D) 2,500 or 3,000 psi

2,500 or 3,000 psi

Concrete has high _____ strength but low _____ strength; therefore, reinforcing steel is often embedded in the concrete to provide additional tensile strength and ductility.

A) compressive? tensile

B) tensile? compressive

compressive, tensile

For bending members bearing on wood or metal, a minimum bearing of _____ is typically recommended.

A) 12 inches

B) 1.5 inches

C) 3 inches

D) 0.5 inches

1.5 inches

Many elements of a home work _____ to resist lateral and axial forces imposed on the above-grade structure and transfer them to the foundation.

A) together as system

B) independently

together as a system

T/F: A strong-back is a continuous bracing member, typically a 2x6, fastened edgewise to the base of the vertical web of each truss with two 16d nails.

A) False

B) True

True

For floor joist clear spans greater than 15 feet, the maximum deflection should be limited to _____.

A) 552 mm

B) 0.5 inches

C) 0.1 inches

D) 0.25 inches

0.5 inches

Typical _____________ for structural wood panels specify either the maximum allowable center-to-center spacing of supports, or two numbers separated by a slash to designate the allowable center-to-center spacing of roof and floor supports, respectively (e.g., 48/24).

A) corrective ratings

B) measurement ratings

C) fly ratings

D) span ratings

span ratings

A bending member is a ____________ member that makes up a residential structural system.

A) supplementary

B) fixative

C) structural

structural

_____ is foremost a non-homogeneous, non-isotropic material, and thus exhibits different structural properties, depending on the orientation of stresses relative to the grain of the wood.

A) Steel

B) Wood

C) Concrete

wood

Lumber is _____ in accordance with standardized grading rules that consider the effect of natural growth characteristics and defects, such as knots and angle of grain, on the member's structural properties.

A) priced

B) graded

C) treated

D) sawn

graded

Bound water in wood is contained within the wood cells and accounts for _______ of the moisture.

A) most

B) little

most

T/F: As an additional recommendation, glue and mechanical fastening of the floor sheathing to the floor joists can enhance the floor system's strength and stiffness.

A) True

B) False

true

Relatively few members in light-frame construction resist _________ forces only.

A) motion

B) kinetic

C) tension

tension

The residential construction material _____ commonly used above grade in North America is light-frame wood.

A) least

B) most

Mostr

Douglas fir-larch, southern yellow pine, hem-fir, and spruce-pine-fir are species groups that are widely used in __________ applications in the United States.

A) residential

B) commercial

residential

For floor joist spans less than 15 feet, a deflection limit of _____ considering design live loads only may be used, where is the clear span of the joist in inches.

A) /180

B) /480

C) /360

D) /500

/360

The inspector should understand about the vertical movement that may occur in a newly-built structure as a result of _____________.

A) enlargement

B) settlement

C) growth

D) shrinkage

settlement

For bending members bearing on masonry, a minimum bearing of _____ is typically advised.

A) 1.5 inches

B) 3 inches

C) 12 inches

D) 0.5 inches

3 inches

A full _____ roof has four planes, no ridge board, and a peak.

A) gable

B) hip

C) flat

D) mansard

Hip

_____________ roofs were invented by the French when owners were taxed by the height of the building as measured to the roof eave.

A) Tile

B) Gable

C) Mansard

D) Hip

Mansard

What is the typical slope of a flat roof?

A) 2/3

B) 1/4

C) 1/2

D) 5/6

¼ inch rise for every 12 inches

Rafters which rest on the outside walls at the bottom and connect to the ridge at the top are called "_____ rafters."

A) jack

B) hip

C) common

common

________ roofs have one plane and very little slope.

A) Flat

B) Tile

C) Mansard

D) Gable

Flat

_________ roofs are often used to cover towers and are often steep.

A) Gable

B) Cupola

C) Conical

D) Tile

Conical

T/F: The term "roof-covering materials" refers only to the visible roof-covering material, such as the shingles, tile, metal or slate, which form the primary roof covering.

A) True

B) False

True

How many planes does a gambrel roof contain?

A) 5

B) 2

C) 1

D) 3

2

In _____________________, the lateral force-resisting system (LFRS) comprises shear walls, diaphragms, and their interconnections to form a whole-building system that may behave differently than the sum of its individual parts.

A) heavy-frame construction

B) medium-frame construction

C) light-frame construction

Light frame construction

In situations with little space to include sufficient shear walls to meet required loading conditions, the designer must turn to alternatives such as:

A) special sheathing

B) steel frames

C) wooden frames

D) portal frames

Portal frames

Chords are the members (or a system of members) that form a flange to resist the ___________ forces generated by the beam action of a diaphragm or shear wall.

A) horizontal

B) lateral

C) vertical

D) tension and compression

When ______________ force distribution needs to be considered, whether to demonstrate lateral stability of an unevenly braced building or to satisfy a building code requirement, the relative stiffness design approach is the only available option.

A) torsional

B) vertical

C) tension and compression

D) lateral

Horizontal diaphragms are assemblies, such as the roof and floors, that act as deep beams by collecting and transferring ___________ to the shear walls.

A) tension and compression forces

B) lateral forces

C) vertical forces

D) horizontal forces

The tributary area approach is reasonable when the layout of the shear walls is generally ________________ with respect to even spacing and similar strength and stiffness characteristics.

A) symmetrical

B) aligned

C) asymmetrical

Lateral building loads should be distributed to the shear walls on a given story by using one of the following methods except for:

A) tributary area approach

B) total shear approach

C) basic diaphragm

D) relative stiffness approach

In the case of the ____________ method, the loads can be immediately assigned to the various shear wall lines based on tributary building areas for the two orthogonal directions of loading.

A) tributary area

B) tributary area

C) basic diaphragm basic perforated shear wall (psw)

D) segmented shear wall design

The nonstructural components in conventional housing (i.e., sidings, interior finishes, interior partition walls, and even windows and trim) can account for _____ of a building's lateral resistance.

A) more than 80 percent

B) exactly 13 percent

C) less than 25 percent

D) more than 50 percent

_____ are the members (or a system of members) that form a _____ to resist the tension and compression forces generated by the beam action of a diaphragm or shear wall.

A) Studs? shear

B) Chords? flange

C) Flanges? stud

The ________________ design method is gaining popularity among designers and even earning code recognition.

A) basic perforated shear wall (psw) approach

B) basic diaphragm

C) segmented shear wall

D) tributary area approach

In the case of the _________________, the assignment of loads must be based on an assumed relationship describing the relative stiffness of various shear wall lines.

A) total shear approach

B) basic diaphragm

C) tributary area approach

D) relative stiffness approach

The ___________ approach is the second most popular and simplest of the three LFRS design methods.

A) total shear approach ("eyeball" method)

B) relative stiffness design approach

C) tributary area approach (flexible diaphragm)

There _____ a single design methodology or theory that provides reasonable predictions of complex, large-scale system behavior in conventionally built or engineered light-frame buildings.

A) is

B) is not

It is common practice (and required by some building codes) for the _________ load distribution to be used only to add to the direct shear load on one side of the building but not to subtract from the direct shear load on the other side, even though the restriction is not conceptually accurate.

A) lateral load distribution

B) seismic load distribution

C) torsional load distribution

D) vertical load distribution

T/F: Lateral resistance to wind and earthquake involves shear walls, diaphragms, and interconnections.

A) False

B) True

The _________________ approach is perhaps the most popular method used to distribute lateral building loads.

A) relative stiffness design approach

B) tributary area approach (flexible diaphragm)

C) total shear approach ("eyeball" method)

The aspect ratio of wall segments should not exceed ___ (height/width), as determined by the sheathing dimensions on the wall segment. (Absent an adjustment for the aspect ratio, current codes may restrict the segment aspect ratio to a maximum of 2 or 3.5.)

A) 2

B) 1

C) 3

D) 4

The shear wall design value is denoted by:

A) Fs

B) Es

C) Hs

D) As

For shear walls in typical light-frame buildings, _______________ forces on shear wall chords are usually considered.

A) horizontal

B) tension and compression

C) vertical

D) lateral

If adequate connection is made between the band joist and the_____, then the diaphragm sheathing, band joists, and wall framing function as a composite chord in resisting the chord forces.

A) wall top plate

B) roof ridge

C) lag bolt

D) doorway threshold

____________ forces result from the overturning action (i.e., overturning moment) caused by the lateral shear load on the shear wall.

A) tension

B) vertical

C) horizontal

D) compression

The objectives in designing a building’s lateral resistance to wind and earthquake forces does not include:

A) providing adequate stiffness to the structure for service loads experienced in moderate wind and seismic events

B) providing a system of shear walls, diaphragms, and interconnections to transfer lateral loads and overturning forces to the foundation

C) defining the nature and magnitude of hazards and external forces that a building must resist to provide reasonable performance throughout the structure’s useful life

D) preventing building collapse in extreme wind and seismic events

T/F: Structures are only as strong as their connections.

A) False

B) True

For joist to sill applications, _____ 8d nails are recommended.

A) three

B) two

C) one

D) five

E) four

For connecting a stud to a top or bottom (sole) plate, _____ 16d end nails are recommended.

A) four

B) two

C) three

D) one

______________ are bolted, nailed, or screwed to wall studs or posts and anchored to the construction below (concrete, masonry, or wood) to hold down the end of a member or assembly (i.e., shear wall).

A) splice plates

B) strap ties

C) joist hangers

D) hold-down brackets

For connecting doubled studs, face-nailed 10d nails at 16 inches on center are to be ______ along the length of the stud.

A) staggered

B) in single-file alignment

Nail lengths and weights are denoted by penny weight, which is indicated by the letter:

A) e

B) w

C) p

D) d

Mechanical Fasteners that are generally used for wood-framed house design and construction include the following except for:

A) bolts

B) nails and spikes

C) lag bolts (lag screws)

D) thread forming fasteners

T/F: Connections transfer loads resisted by structural members and systems to other parts of the structure to form a continuous load path.

A) True

B) False

__________ are brackets that are bolted, nailed, or screwed to wall studs or posts and anchored to the construction below (concrete, masonry or wood) to hold down the end of a member or assembly (i.e., shear wall).

A) Hold-down brackets

B) Rafter clips

C) Anchor bolts

D) Splice plates

______ are commonly supplied with ring shanks (i.e., annular threads) as a drywall nail.

A) Common nails

B) Box nails

C) Sinker nails

D) Cooler nails

Structures are only as strong as their ________.

A) sheathing

B) finishes

C) connections

D) resistance

Another method used to resist withdrawal is to roughen the nail shank by adding a series of _______.

A) connectors

B) screws

C) bolts

D) rings

________ that are drilled and installed with epoxy adhesives into concrete after the concrete has cured, and sometimes after the framing is complete so that the required anchor location is obvious.

A) Anchor bolts

B) Rafter clips

C) Strap ties

D) Joist hangers

_______ are bright or coated slender nails with a sinker head and diamond point.

A) Power-driven nails

B) Common nails

C) Sinker nails

D) Box nails

A __________ key is commonly used to interlock foundation walls to footings.

A) steel

B) wood

C) concrete

D) metal

_________ are often used for heavy connections and to secure wood to other materials, such as steel or concrete.

A) fasteners

B) nails

C) bolts

D) spikes

__________ are used to attach single or multiple joists to the side of girders or header joists.

A) Sill anchors

B) Strap ties

C) Joist hangers

D) Rafter clips

The withdrawal force is parallel to the shaft of the fastener, called the _______.

A) thread

B) framing

C) connector

D) shank

In residential wood construction, bolt connections are typically limited to _________ connections unless the home is constructed in a high-hazard wind or seismic area, and hold-down brackets are required to transfer shear wall overturning forces.

A) wood-to-metal

B) wood-to-wood

C) wood-to-concrete

A wide but thin washer ________ evenly distribute the bearing force to the surrounding wood.

A) will

B) will not

_______ are flat plates with pre-punched holes for fasteners to transfer shear or tension forces across a joint.

A) Splice plates

B) Strap ties

C) Joist hangers

D) Rafter clips

________ are pre-punched straps or coils of strapping that are used for a variety of connections to transfer tension loads.

A) Sill anchors

B) Splice plates

C) Strap ties

D) Epoxy-set anchors

The ___________ condition of the wood is also critical to long-term connection performance, particularly for nails in withdrawal.

A) moisture

B) heat

The diameter of a common nail is _______ than that of sinkers and box nails of the same length.

A) larger

B) equal to

C) shorter

For header to joist applications, _____ 16d end nails are recommended.

A) four

B) one

C) two

D) five

E) three

If development length __________ the footing thickness, the dowel must be in the form of a hook, which is rarely required in residential construction.

A) exceeds

B) is shorter than

C) is equal to