Art Resource Guide - Pages 21-27 (Northern Renaissance to Abstract Art)

70 vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from pages 21–27 of the Art Resource Guide.

Gothic

Northern European Renaissance style with continued Gothic influence; less emphasis on classical antiquity.

Italian Renaissance

Revival of classical art and humanist ideas centered in Italy, spreading to the north.

Northern Renaissance

Renaissance in northern Europe with Italian influence but a distinctive northern interpretation.

Engraver

Printmaker who incises designs on metal plates to produce multiple impressions.

Isenheim Altarpiece

Grünewald’s nine-panel altarpiece (c. 1510–15) depicting Christ’s crucifixion and related scenes.

Matthias Grünewald

German Renaissance painter known for the Isenheim Altarpiece.

Albrecht Dürer

German artist who fused Northern detail with Italian ideas; famed for printmaking.

Hans Holbein the Younger

German-born portraitist who became Henry VIII’s court painter; renowned for realism.

Baroque

Late 16th–18th-century style with movement, drama, and emotional intensity; linked to Counter-Reformation.

Caravaggio

Italian Baroque painter famed for chiaroscuro and naturalism.

Caravaggesque

Describing works influenced by Caravaggio’s dramatic lighting and realism.

Rembrandt van Rijn

Dutch Baroque master known for luminous chiaroscuro and psychological depth.

The Night Watch

Rembrandt’s 1642 group portrait of a militia company; notable for dynamic composition.

Artemisia Gentileschi

Baroque painter known for dramatic lighting and strong female biblical figures.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Leading Baroque sculptor/architect; creator of dynamic, theatrical sculpture.

Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

Bernini’s 1647–52 sculpture in the Cornaro Chapel.

Rubens

Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish Baroque painter known for energetic color and grand scale.

Louis XIV

French king who centralized power, promoted the arts, and built Versailles.

Salon

Paris’s annual state-sponsored art exhibition shaping taste and careers.

Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture

French royal academy establishing standards for painting and sculpture.

Velázquez

Spanish Baroque painter; court painter to Philip IV; renowned for realism.

Baroque Spain

Baroque art in Spain driven by court patronage and Catholic power.

Rococo

18th-century decorative style featuring lightness, ornament, and court life.

Jean-Antoine Watteau

French Rococo innovator of the fête galante.

François Boucher

Rococo painter favored by Madame Pompadour; known for graceful myth subjects.

Jean-Honoré Fragonard

Rococo painter, student of Boucher; known for playful, erotic scenes.

Neoclassicism

18th-century revival of classical Greek/Roman forms inspired by Enlightenment.

Jacques-Louis David

Leading Neoclassical painter promoting republican virtue; later Napoleon’s court painter.

Oath of the Horatii

David’s Neoclassical painting illustrating civic duty and sacrifice.

Ingres

Neoclassical painter noted for precise drawing; pupil of David.

Eugène Delacroix

Romantic painter famed for emotional color and dramatic subjects.

Romanticism

19th-century movement valuing emotion, imagination, and individualism.

Gustave Courbet

Realist painter who depicted ordinary workers and social conditions.

The Stonebreakers

Courbet’s 1849–50 painting of laborers; political and social implications.

Honoré Daumier

Realist/Caricaturist addressing social issues through painting and lithography.

Jean-François Millet

Realist painter of peasant life, emphasizing dignity of labor.

Édouard Manet

Pivotal figure bridging Realism and Impressionism; known for modern subjects and controversy.

Luncheon on the Grass

Manet’s 1863 painting that scandalized by mixing modern subjects with classical nude imagery.

Salon des Refusés

1863 Paris exhibition for works rejected by the official Salon.

Impressionism

Outdoor painting capturing fleeting light and color with visible brushwork.

Claude Monet

Central Impressionist whose work emphasizes light and atmosphere.

Impression, Sunrise

Monet’s 1872 painting that gave the movement its name.

Plein air painting

Painting outdoors to observe natural light directly.

Light and color theory in Impressionism

Study of how light and color interact and change perception.

Camille Pissarro

French Impressionist known for landscapes and teaching many artists.

Alfred Sisley

English-born French Impressionist specializing in landscapes.

Post-Impressionism

Early 20th-century movement extending Impressionism with personal styles.

Paul Cézanne

Post-Impressionist who analyzed form into planes; influenced Cubism.

Georges Seurat

Post-Impressionist who developed pointillism and color theory.

Optical mixing

Color blending produced by the eye from adjacent colored dots.

Vincent van Gogh

Post-Impressionist known for intense color and expressive brushwork.

The Night Café

Van Gogh’s 1888 painting with garish color and moody atmosphere.

Paul Gauguin

Post-Impressionist seeking symbolic color; worked in Tahiti.

Tahiti

Polynesian island where Gauguin painted exotic scenes; colonial context.

Edgar Degas

Impressionist famed for depicting movement, especially dancers.

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

English group seeking to return to pre-Raphaelite styles of detail and morality.

Art Nouveau

Decorative art movement with flowing organic lines and natural motifs.

Fauvism

Early 20th-century movement with bold, non-natural colors led by Matisse.

Henri Matisse

Leader of Fauvism; renowned for vibrant color and expressive form.

The Fauves

Name given to Fauvist painters who used wild, non-natural color.

Pablo Picasso

Spanish artist who co-founded Cubism and transformed modern art.

Georges Braque

Cubist collaborator with Picasso; helped develop Analytic Cubism.

Cubism

20th-century movement breaking form into geometric shapes and multiple viewpoints.

Die Brücke

German Expressionist group emphasizing raw emotion through color.

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

Die Brücke member; noted for bold color and distorted forms.

Emil Nolde

Die Brücke member known for intense color and expressive works.

Edvard Munch

Norwegian Expressionist famous for The Scream and psychological themes.

Der Blaue Reiter

German Expressionist group exploring spirituality and abstraction.

Vasily Kandinsky

Pioneer of abstract art; key member of Der Blaue Reiter.

Abstract art

Art that emphasizes form, color, and line independent of recognizable subject matter.