Studied by 2 people
Assimilation
To cause a person or group to become part of a different society or culture
Freedman’s Bureau
Provided clothing, food, and education to Freedmen
American Federation of Labor
The most effective labor union during the Gilded Age, specifically for skilled workers
Plessy v. Ferguson
Court case validated segregation stating “separate but equal” facilities were constitutional
Social Darwinism
Theory that argued that the best and brightest deserve to be successful
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
1877 event where railroad workers struck wage cuts during depression - the President sent in troops to end it
Eugene Debs
Co-Founder of the Industrials Workers of the World, also a Socialist Party Presidential Candidate
Sharecropping
System where farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a % of the crops
Populists
Party formed in 1892, mainly farmers - favored free silver and government control of railroads
Dawes Severalty Act
Law that promised Native Americans tracts of land to farm in order to assimilate them into white culture
Chinese Exclusion Act
A law that denied any additional Chinese laborers from entering the country
Andrew Carnegie
He wrote an article describing the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists
Old Immigrants
Immigrants that came to the US before the 1800s from Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Northern Europe
New Immigrants
Immigrants that came to the US after the 1800s from eastern and southern Europe
Mary Elizabeth Lease
Populist leader who was a fiery public speaker on behalf of free silver and other farm issues
The Pinkertons
Private security agency used to enforce strikebreaking measures and investigate crime
Vertical Integration
Company takes ownership of two or more key stages of its supply chain
Horizontal Integration
Buy similar companies to reduce competition (used by Standard Oil/Rockefeller)
Homestead Act
Promoted settlement by offering 160 acres of free land to anyone that farmed that land
Knights of Labor
Considered to be the first attempt to create a national union but failed b/c of the Haymarket Riot
Nativism
Anti-immigrant sentiment with open favoritism towards native-born Americans
The Grange
Organization to unite farmers on their common interests including desire to limit railroad fees
William Jennings Bryan
Populist and Democratic Presidential candidate famous for the Cross of Gold Speech
Frederick Jackson Turner
Gave a speech in 1893 claiming that the Frontier was essential to understand the American character
Mark Twain
Famous American who coined the “Gilded Age”
Jane Addams
Founded the Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago, designed to aid immigrants
John D. Rockefeller
Industrialist, philanthropist, founder of the Standard Oil Company, is the richest American
JP Morgan
American financier and industrial organizer, helped resolve the Panic of 1837
Trust
Used to manage companies
Holding Companies
Held companies that managed other companies
“Gospel of Wealth”
Argued that it is God’s will for some men to gain great wealth, written by Andrew Carnegie
Puck
Satyrical magazine
Terence V. Powderly
President, founder of the Knights of Labor
Collective Bargaining
Negotiating as a collective
Haymarket Riot
a violent confrontation between police and labour protesters in Chicago, started with anarchists throwing a bomb at the police, set off a wave of xenophobia
The American Federation of Labor
a loose organization of skilled workers that remained the sole unifying agency of the American labor movement for 50 years
Samuel Gompers
Leader of the American Federation of Labor
The Homestead Steel Strike (1892)
A violent labour dispute between the Carnegie Steel Company and many of its workers
The Pullman Strike of 1894
A widespread railroad strike and boycott that disrupted rail traffic in the US Midwest
“Big Bill”
would kill opposers to socialist labor movement (the wobblies), violence was justified to overthrow capitalism
The Industrial Workers of the World
Also known as the “Wobblies,” wanted to abolish capitalism, popular amongst miners
Thomas Nast
Illustrator of Columbia, Democratic and Republican party symbols, Uncle Sam, Santa Claus
Management Revolution
A concept which points to the supposed shift within the modern corporation from the owner to the professional manager as the controlling figure
Gustavus Swift
Invented the assembly line, pioneered vertical integration
John Wanamaker
Pioneered department store
Alexander Graham Bell
Invented the telephone
Scientific Management
a program of industrial efficiency that eliminated all brain work from manual labor, but was unsuccessful
Greenback-Labor Party
protested the collapse of the Reconstruction, regulate corporations, eight hour work day, and the government to print more greenback dollars
Producerism
Dismissed middlemen, bankers, lawyers, and investors as idlers who lived off the sweat of people who worked with their hands
Granger Laws
Economic regulatory actions
Farmer’s Alliance
rural movement that started in Texas, spread across the plains states and the South, largest farmer based movement in American history
Interstate Commerce Act
created the Interstate Commerce Commission, charged with investigating interstate shipping, forcing railroads to make their rates public
Closed Shop
All jobs reserved for union workers
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Flashcard (34)