Studied by 2 people
what is a distracting injury
an injury that appears to be more prominent that may distract from a more serious underlying injury
what does ABC stand for
airway, breathing, circulation if you don't have A, you can't have B or C
what are the five steps to player welfare
know your ABC
on deck, think about the neck (spine in line)
train to prevent injuries (no sudden changes, high risk at low risk times, balance exercises)
tackle concussion (no sense)
infection (bloody items, wash the wound, clean/cover the wound)
what are the general rules of sports first aid
no further harm
take control
prevent unnecessary movement
simple skills save lives
more experienced help is on the way
know when to do more
what is MILS
manual in line stabilisation
what should be done to prepare before a game
check for where AEDs are, know skills of others, know contact numbers or signals for help, checking equipment
what does DR ABC stand for
Danger (hazards) Response (of the injured person) Airway Breathing Circulation
what is the protocol for a suspected concussion
remove from field of play do not leave alone do not allow to drive a motor vehicle same day medical review graduated return to play protocol
what are the signs of a serious head injury
same as concussion prolonged loss of consciousness seizures "talk and die" panda eyes/bruising behind ears
what is involved in seizure management
take control ensure ambulance is on its way move all dangerous objects away from the casualty assess for DR ABC and maintain open airway until help arrives
what are the SCAT 5 memory function questions
what venue are we at today what half is it now who scored last in this match what team did you play last week/game did your team win the last game
what are the differences between jaw thrust and head tilt/chin lift
jaw thrust-lift jaw forwards to move the tongue from blocking the throat (used for head and neck injury because it minimizes movement) head tilt/chin lift-hand on the forehead and two fingers lift chin moves tongue from blocking the airway, look into mouth and assess (involves a lot of movement)
what is the Haines maneuver and when is it used
High Arm In Endangered Spine emergency roll over procedure that allows liquid to drain
what are complications of a spinal cord injury
unable to feel anything below the injury
unable to move anything below the injury
difficulty breathing due to chest muscle paralysis
may feel faint or dizzy due to low BP (from autonomic nervous system issues)
what are potentially harmful spinal movements
sudden bending (forced flexion)
squashing of the spine (axial compression)
bending and twisting (flexion with rotation)
what is look, listen, feel
look for the chest rising
listen for air being breathed
feel air on your cheek
what is the normal breath rate
15 breaths per minute
what is central cyanosis
discoloured lips and tongue due to lack of oxygen binding to hemoglobin
what are the signs of a chest wall or lung injury
distress (pain or unable to breathe properly)
localise pain to particular site
could be tender over ribs and have swelling or feel ribs move
symptoms will persist and not improve significantly over time
one side of chest may not move as well as the other (lung injury)
what are potential consequences of a rib fracture
can cause bleeding around the lung (hemothorax) or puncture the lung (pneumothorax), lower down can result in injuries to the liver, spleen, and to a small degree, the kidneys
what is the difference between rib and breastbone fractures
the heart sits directly underneath the sternum (can describe a painful click)
what is hemorrhagic shock
not enough blood or fluid in circulation, losing more than 30% of blood
pale and clammy, feel faint or lose consciousness, may appear confused
signs of organs under stress (brain/confusion, lungs/rapid breathing)
what is neurogenic shock
blood in the wrong place, nerve supply to blood vessels under the injury is interrupted
loss of high pressure system results in blood pooling in low pressure areas in the veins and capillaries
skin is pink and warm, evidence of organ dysfunction, in the context of suspected spinal cord injury
what may cause shock in a sport setting
cardiogenic (heart failure), neurogenic (spinal cord injury), hemorrhage, anaphylaxis
what is on the floor and four more
understanding where blood loss is coming from
chest, abdomen, pelvis, in a limb (broken bone), on the floor (bleeding from a visible wound)
what are signs there is bleeding in the chest
sharp pain on one side with each breath, breathing rapidly, injured side of chest may not move as much, show poor perfusion of other organs like skin/brain, pale/confused/cool/drowsy
what are signs of a possible abdominal injury
winded and does not improve, localise pain to ride side of abdomen (liver) or left (spleen), blood is irritant to lining of stomach and pain may spread to be felt elsewhere, signs of shock over time, pass bright red blood suggests kidney injury
what bone fracture can potentially cause hemorrhagic shock
femur
what rate should chest compressions be delivered at
100 compressions/minute
how deep should chest compressions be
2 inches or 1/3 chest depth
what is the compressions to breaths ratio
30:2
what is the back slaps to abdominal thrusts ratio
5:5
what are the signs of a limb injury
localised pain, reluctance to move, swelling, deformity
when is PRICE used
for soft tissue injuries
what does PRICE stand for
protect
rest (support)
ice (20 on/off)
compression
elevation
when should you use a broad arm sling
supports shoulder, elbow, forearm, or wrist
how do you make a broad arm sling
right angle points to injured side, behind and in front of forearm and tie around neck, tuck in excess fabric
when should you use a high arm sling
hand or wrist injuries
how do you use a high arm sling
point right angle at injured side, hand to opposit shoulder, wrap around back and tie around back (over 1 shoulder)
what is cyanosis in asthma
blue arounds the lips indicating hypoxia
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