VOCABULARY FOR CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 - READING

Urban

(a) inner city, metropolitan >< rural, suburban

conservative

(a) be likely to be less than the real amount

current

(a) present, existing, recent

demographic

(a) relating to the population and groups of people in it

raise crops

grow plants such as wheat, rice, or fruits,..

practice

habit, tradition, or custom (phong tục, thói quen)

ensure

(v) make sure, confirm, make certain

hothouse

(n) a heated glass building in which plants are grown

vogue

(n) fashion, trend, raze/fad (mốt nhất thời)

urgent

(a) very important and needing to be dealt with immediately

scale up

increase, expand, develop

accommodate

(a) to give someone what is needed

employ

(v) use, utilize, exploit, apply

cutting-edge

(a) modern, newest, most advanced

proposal

suggestion, application, plan

vertical farming 

an idea for a way of farming which plants are grown or animals are kept in tall

multi-storey

(a) many floors

drastically

radically, extremely, significantly

implement

(v) fulfill, put into practice, take action

proponent

(n) advocate, supporter >< opponent

urban renewal

the improvement and sometimes replacement of buildings in a city

sustainable

(a) environmentally-friendly, eco-friendly, green

year-round

(a), (adv) happening or continuing through the whole year

sacrifice

(v),(n) decide not to have something in order to get something that is more important

horizontal farming

traditional farming. crops are planted at only one level >< vertical farming

take sb/sth for granted

do not realize or show that sb/sth is grateful

despoil

(v) damage, spoil, ruin

verdant

(a) lush (tươi tốt), green, grassy

semi-arid

(a) having little rain but not completely dry (semi-half)

evolve

(v) develop gradually, change, grow

shelter

(v) cover, protection from danger

subject sth to sth

Bắt ai/cái gì phải chịu đựng điều gì đó

food-bearing plants

plants provide food such as tomato, vegetable

the rigours of sth

the unpleasant or severe conditions of sth

drought

a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water

hurricane

(n) cyclone, typhoon, tornado, storm

monsoon

(n) heavy rain, rains

take their toll

to have a very bad effect on sth or sb over a long period of time

optimum

(a) tối ưu

failure

(n) not successful

pest

(n) an insect or small animal that is harmful or damges crops

eliminate

(v) remove, eradicate, put an end to, get rid of

herbicide

(n) a substance used to kill unwanted plants

pesticide

(n) a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that desroy crops (cid=kill)

fertilizer

(n) a substance that is put on the soil to make plants grow

infectious

(a) able to pass a disease from one person, animal, or plant to another

incidence

(n) occurrence(Sự việc xảy ra, sự kiện hoặc sự tồn tại của một cái gì đó), frequency, rate

interface

(n) edge, border(ranh giới), line (inter=among, between)

compost

(n) phân hữu cơ, (v) to collect and store plant material so it can decay(mục nát) and be added to soil to improve its quality

edible

(a) suitable to be eaten, not poisonous (ed=eat)

tractor

(n) a strong vehcle with large wheels, used for pulling farm machinery (tract=pull, draw)

plough

(n),(v) a peice of farm equipment used to turn over the earth so that seeds can be planted

drawback

(n) disadvantage, downside, negative

artificial

(a) synthetic(tổng hợp-nhân tạo), non-natural, man-made

expose

(v) show, reveal, display(trưng bày)

generate

(v) create

prohibitively

(adv) at a very high price that does not seem reasonable

aspiration

(n) ambition, goal, aim, target

likelihood

(n) probability (sự có thể, có khả năng), possibility

variation

(n) difference (vari=vary)

stacked trays

having sections that are arranged vertically

overhead

(a),(adv) above, upstairs >< below

address

(v) tackle, deal with

detrimental

(a) harmful, damaging, negative

skyscraper

(n) a very tall modern city building

rotating

(n) turning in a circle, especially around a fixed point

central

(a) vital, essentialo, chief, most important; ở giữa, thuộc về trung tâm

restore

(v) repair, rebuild

navigability

(n) khả năng hoặc mức độ có thể điều hướng/di chuyển qua được của một con đường, vùng nước hoặc một hệ thống

sequence

(n) chain, series (sequ=follow)

enclosed

surrounded by walls, objects, or structures

dismantle

(v) take to pieces, take part

launch

(v) start

authority

(n) government department(Bộ hoặc Cục chính phủ)

landmark

a building or place that is easily recognized

commemoration

(n) sth that makes you remember and respect s.o important or an important event in the past

submit

(v) offer, propose, suggest

giant

(a) extremely large

seesaw

(n) a piece of equipment that children play on, made of a board that is balanced in the middle, so that when one end goes up the other goes down

monorail

a railway system that uses a single rail, usually high above the ground (mono=one)

notably

(adv) especially, most important

axe

a tool that has a heavy iron or steel blade at the end of a long wooden handle, used for cutting wood

propeller

a piece of equipment consisting of two or more blades that spin around, which makes an aircarft or ship

ribcage

lồng ngực

spine

(n) the line of bones down the centre of the back that provides support for the body

assemble

(v) bring together, put together, gather

painstakingly

carefully

lorry

(n) a large vehicle for carrying heavy goods

bolt

(v) fastem sth with a mental pin or bar

crane

cần cẩu

withstand

(v) resist, stand up to = to be strong enough to remain unharmed by sth such as great heat, cold, pressure,..

immense

(a) extremely large, enormous

robust

(a) strong, tough

weld

(v) to join pieces of mental together by heating

tighten

(v) làm chặt, siết chặt

consist of

(v) to be formed from the people or things mentioned

attach

(v) to fasten or connect one object to another

diametrically

completely

gondola

(n) a long narrow boat with a flat bottom and high points at each end, used on the canals in Venice in Italy

capacity

(n) sức chứa; khả năng; vai trò